[net-gold] WEATHER : SCIENCE : ENVIRONMENT: GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE: UK Weather: High Anxiety among Jet Stream Watchers
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
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- Date: Mon, 17 Feb 2014 06:20:56 -0500 (EST)
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WEATHER :
SCIENCE :
ENVIRONMENT: GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE:
UK Weather: High Anxiety among Jet Stream Watchers
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UK Weather: High Anxiety among Jet Stream Watchers
Steve Connor Author Biography
Sunday 16 February 2014
The Independent
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/
uk-weather-high-anxiety-among-jet-stream-watchers-9131141.html
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/qx222dv
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Scientists are increasingly convinced that the jet stream is stuck in a
position that has thrown warm, moisture-laden air from the Atlantic over
Britain for weeks at a time. Some climate researchers believe it is
affected by warmer-than-usual conditions in the Arctic. The result is that
the ribbon of air is blocked in a "standing wave", causing temperatures to
plunge in the US and storms to wreak havoc in the UK.
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"The jet stream is what generates our weather, steers our weather... it
basically controls the weather all around the mid-latitude areas except
the tropics," Professor Jennifer Francis of Rutgers University in
Brunswick, New Jersey, told the American Association for the Advancement
of Science.
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"It's been in a very persistent pattern shooting pretty straight across
the Atlantic bringing a lot of moisture, a lot of energy and a lot of
storms directly into the UK."
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The jet stream flows from west to east around the northern hemisphere and
is driven by the temperature difference between intensely cold Arctic air
and relatively warmer air at lower latitudes. But when this temperature
difference is less marked, the jet stream becomes slower and tends to
wander off course, Professor Francis explained.
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snip
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At the same time, the jet stream has dipped southwards over California,
causing a blocking effect that has prevented storms from moving in from
the Pacific. The result is a severe winter drought, Professor Francis
explained.
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"It's consistent with our hypothesis about what's been happening over the
past couple of decades with the Arctic warming so rapidly," she said.
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Temperature records show that the Arctic is one of the fastest warming
regions on Earth, experiencing average temperature increases of more than
4C over the past 30 years. The volume of sea ice in the Arctic is
currently at one of the lowest levels ever for this time of year. Although
several factors can affect the jet stream, the only one that appears to be
changing dramatically is the temperature difference between the Arctic and
more southerly latitudes. The observations fit in with the computer
predictions of what can happen to the jet stream, Professor Francis said.
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Jet Stream from the Wikipedia
Jet stream
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_stream
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Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow air currents found in the atmospheres
of some planets, including Earth.[1] The main jet streams are located near
the tropopause, the transition between the troposphere (where temperature
decreases with altitude) and the stratosphere (where temperature increases
with altitude).[2] The major jet streams on Earth are westerly winds
(flowing west to east). Their paths typically have a meandering shape; jet
streams may start, stop, split into two or more parts, combine into one
stream, or flow in various directions including the opposite direction of
most of the jet. The strongest jet streams are the polar jets, at around
712 km (23,00039,000 ft) above sea level, and the higher and somewhat
weaker subtropical jets at around 1016 km (33,00052,000 ft). The Northern
Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere each have both a polar jet and a
subtropical jet. The northern hemisphere polar jet flows over the middle
to northern latitudes of North America, Europe, and Asia and their
intervening oceans, while the southern hemisphere polar jet mostly circles
Antarctica all year round.
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Jet streams are caused by a combination of a planet's rotation on its axis
and atmospheric heating (by solar radiation and, on some planets other
than Earth, internal heat). Jet streams form near boundaries of adjacent
air masses with significant differences in temperature, such as the polar
region and the warmer air towards the equator.[3]
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Other jet streams also exist. During the Northern Hemisphere summer,
easterly jets can form in tropical regions, typically in a region where
dry air encounters more humid air at high altitudes. Low-level jets also
are typical of various regions such as the central United States.
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Meteorologists use the location of some of the jet streams as an aid in
weather forecasting. The main commercial relevance of the jet streams is
in air travel, as flight time can be dramatically affected by either
flying with the flow or against the flow of a jet stream. Clear-air
turbulence, a potential hazard to aircraft passenger safety, is often
found in a jet stream's vicinity, but it does not create a substantial
alteration on flight times.
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Contents
1 Discovery
2 Description
3 Cause
3.1 Polar jet
3.2 Subtropical jet
3.3 Other planets
4 Some effects
4.1 Precipitation
4.2 Hurricane protection
5 Uses
5.1 Aviation
5.2 Future power generation
5.3 Unpowered aerial attack
6 Changes due to climate cycles
6.1 Effects of ENSO
6.1.1 El Ni
6.1.2 La Ni
6.2 Dust Bowl
7 Longer-term climatic changes
8 Other upper-level jets
8.1 Polar night jet
9 Low level jets
9.1 Barrier jet
9.2 Valley exit jet
9.3 Africa
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
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The complete articles may be read at the URLs provided for each.
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Temple University
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