[net-gold] SCIENCE : ANCESTRY : RESEARCH : ATLASES : BIOLOGY: GENETICS: HUMAN: Tracing Ancestry, Researchers Produce a Genetic Atlas of Human Mixing Events
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
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- Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2014 06:23:08 -0500 (EST)
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SCIENCE :
ANCESTRY :
RESEARCH :
ATLASES :
BIOLOGY: GENETICS: HUMAN:
Tracing Ancestry,
Researchers Produce a Genetic Atlas of Human Mixing Events
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Tracing Ancestry,
Researchers Produce a Genetic Atlas of Human Mixing Events
By NICHOLAS WADE
FEBRUARY 13, 2014
Science
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/14/science/tracing-ancestry-
team-produces-genetic-atlas-of-human-mixing-events.html
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/pc7rfd9
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The rise and fall of empires, the march of armies, the flow of trade
routes, the practice of slavery all these events have led to a mixing of
populations around the world. Such episodes have left a record in the
human genome, but one that has so far been too complex to decipher on a
global scale.
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Now, geneticists applying new statistical approaches have taken a first
shot at both identifying and dating the major population mixture events of
the last 4,000 years, with the goal of providing a new source of
information for historians.
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Some of the hundred or so major mixing events they describe have plausible
historical explanations, while many others remain to be accounted for. For
instance, many populations of the southern Mediterranean and Middle East
have segments of African origin in their genomes that were inserted at
times between A.D. 650 and 1900, according to the geneticists
calculations. This could reflect the activity of the Arab slave trade,
which originated in the seventh century, and the absorption of slaves into
their host populations.
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The lowest amount of African admixture occurs in the Druse, a religious
group of the Middle East that prohibited slavery and has been closed to
converts since A.D. 1043.
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Another mixing event is the injection of European-type DNA into the
Kalash, a people of Pakistan, at some time between 990 and 210 B.C. This
could reflect the invasion of India by Alexander the Great in 326 B.C. The
Kalash claim to be descended from Alexanders soldiers, as do several other
groups in the region.
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The genetic atlas of human mixing events was published on Thursday in the
journal Science by a team led by Simon Myers of Oxford University, Garrett
Hellenthal of University College London and Daniel Falush of the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. Having
sampled genomes from around the world, they found they could detect about
95 distinguishable populations.
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Though all humans have the same set of genes, their genomes are studded
with mutations, which are differences in the sequence of DNA units in the
genome. These mutations occur in patterns because whole sets of mutations
are passed down from parent to child and hence will be common in a
particular population. Based on these patterns, geneticists can scan a
persons genome and assign the ancestry of each segment to a particular
race or population.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
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