[net-gold] MEDICAL: RESEARCH: Researchers Identify Protein Essential For Embryo Implantation
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
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- Date: Sun, 24 Apr 2011 13:01:48 -0400 (EDT)
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MEDICAL: RESEARCH:
Researchers Identify Protein Essential For Embryo Implantation
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Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 14:10:40 -0500
From: "NIH OLIB (NIH/OD)" <olib@xxxxxxxxxx>
To: NIHPRESS@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Researchers Identify Protein Essential For Embryo Implantation
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NIH News
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Eunice Kennedy Shriver
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
(NICHD)
http://www.nichd.nih.gov/
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For Immediate Release: Friday, February 18, 2011
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CONTACT:
Robert Bock
or
Marianne Glass Miller
301-496-5133
e-mail:
bockr@xxxxxxxxxxxx
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RESEARCHERS IDENTIFY PROTEIN ESSENTIAL FOR EMBRYO IMPLANTATION
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NIH funded study has implications for understanding
disorders of the uterus
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Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health have identified a
key step in the establishment of a pregnancy. Their discovery shows how
the hormone progesterone suppresses the growth of the uterus's lining so
that a fertilized egg can implant in the uterus.
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This key step, the researchers discovered, occurs when a protein called
Hand2 suppresses the chemical activity that stimulates growth of the
uterine lining, also known as the uterine epithelium.
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At the start of each menstrual cycle, levels of the hormone estrogen begin
to rise. Estrogen stimulates the cells in the uterine lining to increase
in number, causing the epithelium to thicken. However, as the ovary
releases an egg, levels of the hormone progesterone begin to rise. The
elevated progesterone levels put the brakes on the estrogen-driven growth
of the uterine epithelium. In this study, the researchers discovered that
Hand2, previously found to increase in uterine cells as progesterone
levels rise, is the switch that turns off estrogen's stimulating effect on
the epithelium.
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The finding may contribute to understanding some forms of unexplained
female infertility. The finding also has implications for understanding
disorders in which growth of the uterine epithelium surges out of control,
such as endometrial cancer
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http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/endometrial
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or endometriosis
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http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometriosis.cfm
a disease in which endometrial tissue appears on the ovaries, bowel, or
other tissues outside the uterus.
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"Progesterone-like medications are used to treat a wide variety of
conditions, such as relieving the symptoms of menopause, as part of
infertility treatments, and for preventing preterm birth," said Louis
DePaolo, Ph.D., head of the Reproductive Sciences Branch at the Eunice
Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
(NICHD), the NIH institute that funded the study. "Understanding how
Hand2 exerts its effect on the growth of the uterine lining may lead to
the development of new medications and therapeutics that make progesterone
treatment more effective but which have fewer side effects. Also,
understanding how Hand2 functions might provide insights into disorders
like endometriosis, which resist progesterone treatment."
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First author Quanxi Li, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
was joined on the research team by University of Illinois colleagues
Athilakshmi Kannan, Paul S. Cooke, Milan K. Bagchi and Indrani C. Bagchi;
Francesco J. DeMayo and John P. Lydon of Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston; Hiroyuki Yamagishi of Keio University School of Medicine, Japan;
and Deepak Srivastava of the University of California, San Francisco.
Their findings appear in the Feb. 18 issue of Science.
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The research was supported by the NICHD Specialized Cooperative Centers
Program in Reproduction and Infertility Research
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http://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/supported/sccpir.cfm
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a collaborative network of basic and clinical scientists who study ways of
improving reproductive health.
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For the current study, the researchers developed a laboratory strain of
mice in which the uterus fails to make Hand2.
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The researchers found that, after exposure to progesterone halted growth
of the uterine epithelium in mice with functioning genes for Hand2.
However, despite exposure to progesterone, epithelial growth continued
unchecked in the mice without Hand2 genes.
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The researchers also discovered that, at the time of implantation, Hand2
was expressed in uterine cells that lie beneath the surface layer of
epithelial cells. Through a series of experiments, the researchers
determined that estrogen stimulates the production of growth factors,
which cause cells in the epithelial layer to multiply and grow. When
progesterone is produced, it spurs the release of Hand2, which stops the
production of growth factors. The uterine epithelial cells then stop
multiplying, mature, and become receptive to the embryo.
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"This information helps us understand how the interplay of hormones
prepares the uterus to host and support the embryo as it grows," said Dr.
Milan Bagchi. "Our next priority will be to examine whether Hand2 plays a
critical role in the human uterus as well."
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The NICHD sponsors research on development, before and after birth;
maternal, child, and family health; reproductive biology and population
issues; and medical rehabilitation. For more information, visit the
Institute's Web site at
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http://www.nichd.nih.gov/
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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The Nation's Medical Research
Agency -- includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal
agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational
medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures
for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its
programs, visit
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http://www.nih.gov
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##
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This NIH News Release is available online at:
http://www.nih.gov/news/health/feb2011/nichd-18.htm
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com
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