[net-gold] INSECTS: BUTTERFLYS : BIOLOGY: EXTINCTION : HERBICIDES: Monarch Butterflies Drop, Migration May Disappear
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
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- Date: Sun, 2 Feb 2014 12:48:09 -0500 (EST)
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INSECTS: BUTTERFLYS :
BIOLOGY: EXTINCTION :
HERBICIDES:
Monarch Butterflies Drop, Migration May Disappear
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Monarch Butterflies Drop, Migration May Disappear
January 30, 2014 12:38PM
SCI-TECH Today
http://www.sci-tech-today.com/news/
Monarch-Butterfly-Migration-in-Danger/story.xhtml?story_id=00100020OUB7
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/p49hxba
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Faltering under extreme weather and vanishing habitats, the yearly winter
migration of monarch butterflies to a handful of forested Mexican
mountains dwindled precipitously in December, continuing what scientists
said was an increasingly alarming decline. It's unclear what would happen
to the Monarchs if they no longer made the annual trek.
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The stunning and little-understood annual migration of millions of Monarch
butterflies to spend the winter in Mexico is in danger of disappearing,
experts said Wednesday, after numbers dropped to their lowest level since
record-keeping began in 1993.
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Their report blamed the displacement of the milkweed the species feeds on
by genetically modified crops and urban sprawl in the United States,
extreme weather trends and the dramatic reduction of the butterflies'
habitat in Mexico due to illegal logging of the trees they depend on for
shelter.
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After steep and steady declines in the previous three years, the
black-and-orange butterflies now cover only 1.65 acres (0.67 hectares) in
the pine and fir forests west of Mexico City, compared to 2.93 acres (1.19
hectares) last year, said the report released by the World Wildlife Fund,
Mexico's Environment Department and the Natural Protected Areas
Commission. They covered more than 44.5 acres (18 hectares) at their
recorded peak in 1996.
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Because the butterflies clump together by the thousands in trees, they are
counted by the area they cover.
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While the Monarch is not in danger of extinction, the decline in their
population now marks a statistical long-term trend and can no longer be
seen as a combination of yearly or seasonal events, experts said.
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The announcement followed on the heels of the 20th anniversary of the
North American Free Trade Agreement, which saw the United States, Mexico
and Canada sign environmental accords to protect migratory species such as
the Monarch. At the time, the butterfly was adopted as the symbol of
trilateral cooperation.
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"Twenty years after the signing of NAFTA, the Monarch migration, the
symbol of the three countries' cooperation, is at serious risk of
disappearing," said Omar Vidal, the World Wildlife Fund director in
Mexico.
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Lincoln Brower, a leading entomologist at Sweet Briar College in Virginia,
wrote that "the migration is definitely proving to be an endangered
biological phenomenon."
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"The main culprit," he wrote in an email, is now genetically modified
"herbicide-resistant corn and soybean crops and herbicides in the USA,"
which "leads to the wholesale killing of the monarch's principal food
plant, common milkweed."
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While Mexico has made headway in reducing logging in the officially
protected winter reserve, that alone cannot save the migration, wrote
Karen Oberhauser, a professor at the University of Minnesota. She noted
that studies indicate that the U.S. Midwest is where most of the
butterflies migrate from.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Sincerely,
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Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
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