[net-gold] INSECTS : BIOLOGY: BOTANY: PLANTS : INSECTICIDES : ECOLOGY : ENVIRONMENT : HERBICIDES : URBAN DEVELOPMENT : GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROPS : FOOD CHAIN: Mexico Monarch Butterfly Decline Fans Fears in California
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
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- Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2014 12:36:56 -0500 (EST)
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INSECTS :
BIOLOGY: BOTANY: PLANTS :
INSECTICIDES :
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ENVIRONMENT :
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Mexico Monarch Butterfly Decline Fans Fears in California
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Mexico Monarch Butterfly Decline Fans Fears in California
Peter Fimrite
Updated 9:09 am, Tuesday, February 4, 2014
SF Gate
http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/
Mexico-monarch-butterfly-decline-fans-fears-in-5201494.php
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/m5kh7do
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The dramatic decline - from close to 1 billion to an estimated 35 million
- has lepidopterists in California in a flutter, but nobody seems to know
what effect, if any, the collapse might have on monarchs in the Golden
State.
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Only 1.65 acres of the pine and fir forests west of Mexico City were
covered with monarchs this winter, compared with 2.93 acres last year,
according to the report, which was prepared by the Wildlife Fund, Mexico's
Environment Department and the Natural Protected Areas Commission. At
their peak in 1995, the butterflies covered 44.5 acres of the forest.
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The population is now less than 5 percent of its peak, said Karen
Oberhauser, an ecologist who has been studying the monarchs for 30 years.
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"It's really concerning," said Oberhauser, a professor in the department
of fisheries, wildlife and conservation biology at the University of
Minnesota. "The numbers have never been this low. Last year was the lowest
year ever, and this year is just a little more than half of what we had
last year, so that's two years in a row of record low numbers."
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California rebound
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The butterflies in Mexico are the same species as the ones that winter in
California, which has recently experienced a rebound in monarch
populations.
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The California butterflies, which gather for the winter in more than 200
groves along the coast, declined 90 percent between 1997 and 2009. The
winter population at Natural Bridges State Beach, near Santa Cruz, dropped
from an estimated 120,000 in 1997 to just 1,300 in 2009.
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Things have improved in California over the past five years, largely as a
result of conservation efforts, according to experts. An estimated 7,800
monarchs were seen this winter at Natural Bridges. That's compared with
1,500 a year ago, which was a particularly bad year, said Michael Ray, the
state beach's interpretive specialist.
.
"We had an excellent year," Ray said. "It was probably the best population
we've seen in about 15 years."
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The monarch is one of the largest and, many say, most beautiful
butterflies in the world. It is found throughout North America, but the
species has expanded its range around the globe, including to Hawaii, New
Zealand and Australia.
Milkweed feasts
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Mexico's spectacular winter monarch migration is the largest in the world,
with tens of thousands of butterflies often covering a single tree. The
forest is a kaleidoscope of butterflies, with so many that one can hear
the sound of their wings flapping, according to researchers.
.
snip
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The study blames the decline of the eastern population on urban sprawl and
a lack of milkweed- and nectar-bearing flowers along their migratory route
through the Midwest. The problem, Oberhauser said, is that corn and
soybean crops have been genetically modified to be resistant to
herbicides, particularly Roundup, which is a Monsanto trademark. As
Midwest farmers increased herbicide use, milkweed died off.
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The report also blamed a dramatic reduction in butterfly habitat in Mexico
as a result of illegal logging and extreme weather in Canada, the U.S. and
Mexico.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Temple University
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