. . INFORMATION LITERACY : EDUCATION: TEACHING : EDUCATION: HISTORY OF EDUCATION: Information Literacy Instruction: A History in Context . . Information Literacy Instruction: A History in Context By Donna L. Giltonhttp://www.uri.edu/artsci/lsc/Faculty/gilton/ InformationLiteracyInstruction-AHistoryinContext.htm
. A shorter URL for the above link: . http://tinyurl.com/c5cnl6z . . Excerpt: .Just as the development of libraries and the information industry are tied to historical, social, and economic developments in society, so is the history of teaching people about information. This essay will show how general social developments, particularly in the United States lead to corresponding developments in education, library services, the information industry, and both the bibliographic instruction and the information literacy instruction movements, especially in academic libraries and school library media centers.
. Three Waves of Western History .Western history can be divided into three periods, the agricultural, pre-industrial, and pre-modern period of the first wave; the industrial and modern period of the second wave, and the current information-based, post-industrial, post-modern period of the third wave. These periods are described in more detail by Daniel Bell in The Coming of the Post-Industrial Society (1) and by Alvin Toffler in The Third Wave. (2)
.Dating these three periods can be a real challenge. These paradigm shifts took place, and are still taking place in different countries at different times. In addition, periods of transition from one type of society to another can be quite long, even within particular countries. Each period would have major implications for the organization and work of society, education, the development of libraries and other information services, and movements to teach people about information.
.Pre-industrial societies existed everywhere until roughly 1760. Arnold Toynebee coined the term Industrial Revolution to describe economic developments in England in the period 1760-1840. The second wave, modern, industrial society was very slow in coming. The first factories appeared in England in the mid-1700s and in New England a generation later. However, this author believes that the United States did not seriously industrialize until after the Civil War (1861-1865) and that it did not emerge as a fully industrialized country until after World War I (1914-1918).
.Later, seeds of the information-based, post-industrial and post-modern society would be planted in western countries in the mid-twentieth century, and especially after World War II (1941-1945). However, the first major signs of another paradign shift in the U.S. would not really fully appear until the early 1980s.
. . Topics Covered in This Article: . Three Waves of Western History From the First Wave to the Second: 1865-1945 Instruction in Academic Libraries Before 1960The Bibliographic Instruction (BI) Movement in Academic Libraries: 1960-1989
From the Second Wave to the Third: 1945-1981 and Beyond From Bibliographic Instruction to Information Literacy: 1980Teaching About Information in School Library Media Centers and Other Libraries
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