[net-gold] COUNTRIES: HAITI: United States. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook. Haiti
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
- To: Net-Gold <Net-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Temple University Net-Gold Archive <net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Temple Gold Discussion Group <TEMPLE-GOLD@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Gold <net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Sean Grigsby <myarchives1@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Educator Gold <Educator-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Educator Gold <Educator-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, K12AdminLIFE <K12AdminLIFE@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Platinum <net-platinum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, "Net-Gold @ Nabble" <ml-node+3172864-337556105@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>, MediaMentor <mediamentor@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Digital Divide Diversity MLS <mls-digitaldivide@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Mon, 25 Jan 2010 12:46:48 -0500 (EST)
.
COUNTRIES: HAITI:
United States.
Central Intelligence Agency.
The World Factbook.
Haiti
United States.
Central Intelligence Agency.
The World Factbook.
Haiti
<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html>
Contents
Introduction ::Haiti
Background:
The native Taino Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when
it was discovered by COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by
Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French
established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French
the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French
colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the
wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of
African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late
18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint
L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first black
republic to declare independence in 1804. The poorest country in the
Western Hemisphere, Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most
of its history. After an armed rebellion led to the forced resignation and
exile of President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE in February 2004, an interim
government took office to organize new elections under the auspices of the
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). Continued
violence and technical delays prompted repeated postponements, but Haiti
finally did inaugurate a democratically elected president and parliament
in May of 2006.
Geography ::Haiti
Location:
Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the
Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
Geographic coordinates:
19 00 N, 72 25 W
Map references:
Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total: 27,750 sq km
country comparison to the world: 147
land: 27,560 sq km
water: 190 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Maryland
Land boundaries:
total: 360 km
border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km
Coastline:
1,771 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Climate:
tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Terrain:
mostly rough and mountainous
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m
Natural resources:
bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 28.11%
permanent crops: 11.53%
other: 60.36% (2005)
Irrigated land:
920 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
14 cu km (2000)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 0.99 cu km/yr (5%/1%/94%)
per capita: 116 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from
June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Environment - current issues:
extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being
cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate
supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation,
Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes
Geography - note:
shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is
Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)
People ::Haiti
Population:
9,035,536
country comparison to the world: 88
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects
of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy,
higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth
rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than
would otherwise be expected (July 2009 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 38.1% (male 1,735,917/female 1,704,383)
15-64 years: 58.5% (male 2,621,059/female 2,665,447)
65 years and over: 3.4% (male 120,040/female 188,690) (2009 est.)
Median age:
total: 20.2 years
male: 19.8 years
female: 20.7 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.838% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
Birth rate:
29.1 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
Death rate:
8.65 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
Net migration rate:
-2.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
Urbanization:
urban population: 47% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 59.69 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 37
male: 66.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 53.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 60.78 years
country comparison to the world: 181
male: 59.13 years
female: 62.48 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.81 children born/woman (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
2.2% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
120,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
7,200 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A
and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Nationality:
noun: Haitian(s)
adjective: Haitian
Ethnic groups:
black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Religions:
Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist
1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3%
note: roughly half of the population practices voodoo
Languages:
French (official), Creole (official)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 52.9%
male: 54.8%
female: 51.2% (2003 est.)
Education expenditures:
1.4% of GDP (1991)
country comparison to the world: 175
Government ::Haiti
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Haiti
conventional short form: Haiti
local long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayiti
local short form: Haiti/Ayiti
Government type:
republic
Capital:
name: Port-au-Prince
geographic coordinates: 18 32 N, 72 20 W
time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday
in October
Administrative divisions:
10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre,
Grand 'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est
Independence:
1 January 1804 (from France)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
Constitution:
approved March 1987
note: suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989;
constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September 1991,
although in October 1991 military government claimed to be observing the
constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994;
constitution, while technically in force between 2004-2006, was not
enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May 2006
Legal system:
based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Rene PREVAL (since 14 May 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Max BELLERIVE (since 7 November
2009)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the
president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not
serve consecutive terms); election last held 7 February 2006 (next to be
held in 2011); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the
National Assembly
election results: Rene PREVAL elected president; percent of vote - Rene
PREVAL 51%
Legislative branch:
bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate
(30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms;
one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (99 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - in
reestablishing the Senate, the candidate in each department receiving the
most votes in the last election serves six years, the candidate with the
second most votes serves four years, and the candidate with the third most
votes serves two years
elections: Senate - last held 21 April 2006 with run-off elections on 3
December 2006 (next regular election, for one third of seats, to be held
in 2008); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 April 2006 with run-off
elections on 3 December 2006 and 29 April 2007 (next regular election to
be held in 2010)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
L'ESPWA 11, FUSION 5, OPL 4, FL 3, LAAA 2, UNCRH 2, PONT 2, ALYANS 1;
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
L'ESPWA 23, FUSION 17, FRN 12, OPL 10, ALYANS 10, LAAA 5, MPH 3, MOCHRENA
3, other 10; results for six other seats contested on 3 December 2006
remain unknown
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Political parties and leaders:
Artibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly of Progressive
National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convention for Democratic
Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action to Build Haiti or KONBA
[Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition
composed of KID and PPRH); Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative
for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie
CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope or L'ESPWA [Rene PREVAL] (alliance of ESKAMP,
PLB, and grass-roots organizations Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, the
Central Plateau Peasants' Group, and Kombit Sudest); Haitian Christian
Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian
Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre
Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT];
Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD];
Justice for Peace and National Development or JPDN [Rigaud DUPLAN]; Fanmi
Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Gehy
MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social Democratic Parties or FUSION or FPSDH
[Serge GILLES] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary
Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements); Mobilization for
Haiti's Development or MPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National
Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National
Reconstruction or MRN [Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation
of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for
the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; National
Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New Christian
Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate Party
or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH
[Claude ROMAIN]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Edgard LEBLANC];
Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNITE [Edouard
FRANCISQUE]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR];
Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade
Unions or FOS; General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers
[Patrick NUMAS]; Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, or KOREGA; National
Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes
JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Protestant
Federation of Haiti; Roman Catholic Church
International organization participation:
ACP, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory),
ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU,
ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, PetroCaribe, RG, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Raymond JOSEPH
chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090
FAX: [1] (202) 745-7215
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto
Rico)
consulate(s): Orlando (Florida)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth H. MERTEN
embassy: Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince
mailing address: use mailing address
telephone: [509] 229-8000
FAX: [509] 229-8028
Flag description:
two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white
rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by
flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA
FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French
Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes
Economy ::Haiti
Economy - overview:
Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the
population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty.
Two-thirds of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly
small-scale subsistence farming, and remain vulnerable to damage from
frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by the country's widespread
deforestation. While the economy has recovered in recent years,
registering positive growth since 2005, four tropical storms in 2008
severely damaged the transportation infrastructure and agricultural
sector. US economic engagement under the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity
through Partnership Encouragement (HOPE) Act, passed in December 2006, has
boosted apparel exports and investment by providing tariff-free access to
the US. HOPE II, passed in October 2008, has further improved the export
environment for the apparel sector by extending preferences to 2018; the
apparel sector accounts for two-thirds of Haitian exports and nearly
one-tenth of GDP. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange,
equaling nearly a quarter of GDP and more than twice the earnings from
exports. Haiti suffers from high inflation, a lack of investment because
of insecurity and limited infrastructure, and a severe trade deficit. In
2005, Haiti paid its arrears to the World Bank, paving the way for
reengagement with the Bank. Haiti is expected to receive debt forgiveness
for about $525 million of its debt through the Highly-Indebted Poor
Country (HIPC) initiative by mid-2009. The government relies on formal
international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$11.53 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
$11.38 billion (2007 est.)
$11 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$6.943 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
1.3% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
3.4% (2007 est.)
2.3% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$1,300 (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
$1,300 (2007 est.)
$1,300 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 28%
industry: 20%
services: 52% (2004 est.)
Labor force:
3.643 million
country comparison to the world: 92
note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2007)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 66%
industry: 9%
services: 25% (1995)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of
the labor force do not have formal jobs
Population below poverty line:
80% (2003 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 0.7%
highest 10%: 47.7% (2001)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
59.2 (2001)
country comparison to the world: 8
Investment (gross fixed):
28.9% of GDP (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
Budget:
revenues: $967.5 million
expenditures: $1.162 billion (2008 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
15.5% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 194
8.5% (2007 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
17.81% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 2
46.99% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$NA (31 December 2008)
$704.7 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$NA (31 December 2008)
$1.561 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$NA (31 December 2008)
$1.537 billion (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA
Agriculture - products:
coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood
Industries:
sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly based on
imported parts
Industrial production growth rate:
0% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
Electricity - production:
448 million kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
Electricity - consumption:
273 million kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189
Oil - consumption:
12,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
Oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
Oil - imports:
12,280 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008)
country comparison to the world: 69
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
Current account balance:
-$611 million (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
-$407 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
$490 million (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
$522 million (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee
Exports - partners:
US 70.7%, Dominican Republic 8.9%, Canada 3.1% (2008)
Imports:
$2.107 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
$1.618 billion (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw
materials
Imports - partners:
US 34%, Dominican Republic 23.1%, Netherlands Antilles 10.6%, China 4.5%
(2008)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$708 million (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134
$555 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$1.817 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
$1.475 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Exchange rates:
gourdes (HTG) per US dollar - 39.216 (2008 est.), 37.138 (2007), 40.232
(2006), 40.449 (2005), 38.352 (2004)
Communications ::Haiti
Telephones - main lines in use:
108,000 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 142
Telephones - mobile cellular:
3.2 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 105
Telephone system:
general assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is among the least
developed in Latin America and the Caribbean; domestic facilities barely
adequate; international facilities slightly better; mobile-cellular
telephone services are expanding rapidly due, in part, to the introduction
of low-cost GSM phones in 2006
domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service
international: country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
(Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999)
Television broadcast stations:
2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)
Internet country code:
.ht
Internet hosts:
9 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 222
Internet users:
1 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 90
Transportation ::Haiti
Airports:
14 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 151
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 8 (2009)
Roadways:
total: 4,160 km
country comparison to the world: 155
paved: 1,011 km
unpaved: 3,149 km (2000)
Ports and terminals:
Cap-Haitien
Military ::Haiti
Military branches:
no regular military forces - small Coast Guard; the regular Haitian Armed
Forces (FAdH) - Army, Navy, and Air Force - have been demobilized but
still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished
(2009)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 2,047,083
females age 16-49: 2,047,953 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,518,840
females age 16-49: 1,530,043 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 108,444
female: 106,243 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
0.4% of GDP (2006)
country comparison to the world: 167
<snip>
Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
<http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com>
Net-Gold
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold>
Index: <http://tinyurl.com/myxb4w>
<http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html>
<http://groups.google.com/group/net-gold?hl=en>
General Internet & Print Resources
<http://guides.temple.edu/general-internet>
COUNTRIES
<http://guides.temple.edu/general-country-info>
EMPLOYMENT
<http://guides.temple.edu/EMPLOYMENT>
TOURISM
<http://guides.temple.edu/tourism>
DISABILITIES
http://guides.temple.edu/DISABILITIES
INDOOR GARDENING
<http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/>
Educator-Gold
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Educator-Gold/>
K12ADMINLIFE
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/K12AdminLIFE/>
RUSSELL CONWELL CENTER SUBJECT GUIDE
http://guides.temple.edu/Russell-Conwell-Center
THE COLLEGE LEARNING CENTER
<http://tinyurl.com/yae7w79>
Nina Dillard's Photographs on Net-Gold
http://tinyurl.com/36qd2o
and also http://gallery.me.com/neemers1
Net-Gold Membership Required to View Photos on Net-Gold
Twitter: davidpdillard
Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (eds),
Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit,
Place, New York: Cognizant Communication Books.
Wellness Tourism: Bibliographic and Webliographic Essay
David P. Dillard
<http://tinyurl.com/p63whl>
<http://tinyurl.com/ou53aw>
INDOOR GARDENING
Improve Your Chances for Indoor Gardening Success
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/
http://groups.google.com/group/indoor-gardening-and-urban-gardening
SPORT-MED
https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/sport-med.html
http://groups.google.com/group/sport-med
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sports-med/
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/sport-med.html
Health Diet Fitness Recreation Sports Tourism
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/
http://groups.google.com/group/healthrecsport
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/health-recreation-sports-tourism.html
Please Ignore All Links to JIGLU
in search results for Net-Gold and related lists.
The Net-Gold relationship with JIGLU has
been terminated by JIGLU and these are dead links.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Net-Gold/message/30664
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/message/145
.
Other related posts:
- » [net-gold] COUNTRIES: HAITI: United States. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook. Haiti - David P. Dillard
