[nasional_list] [ppiindia] Journalistic Ethics
- From: "Ambon" <sea@xxxxxxxxxx>
- To: <"Undisclosed-Recipient:;"@freelists.org>
- Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2006 11:32:42 +0200
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Journalistic Ethics
The Center for Public Integrity subscribes to the Code of Ethics of the Society
of Professional journalists, reprinted here in full:
Preamble
Members of the Society of Professional Journalists believe that public
enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy. The
duty of the journalist is to further those ends by seeking truth and providing
a fair and comprehensive account of events and issues. Conscientious
journalists from all media and specialties strive to serve the public with
thoroughness and honesty. Professional integrity is the cornerstone of a
journalist's credibility. Members of the Society share a dedication to ethical
behavior and adopt this code to declare the Society's principles and standards
of practice.
Seek Truth and Report It
Journalists should be honest, fair and courageous in gathering, reporting and
interpreting information.
Journalists should:
a.. Test the accuracy of information from all sources and exercise care to
avoid inadvertent error. Deliberate distortion is never permissible.
b.. Diligently seek out subjects of news stories to give them the opportunity
to respond to allegations of wrongdoing.
c.. Identify sources whenever feasible. The public is entitled to as much
information as possible on sources' reliability.
d.. Always question sources' motives before promising anonymity. Clarify
conditions attached to any promise made in exchange for information. Keep
promises.
e.. Make certain that headlines, news teases and promotional material,
photos, video, audio, graphics, sound bites and quotations do not misrepresent.
They should not oversimplify or highlight incidents out of context.
f.. Never distort the content of news photos or video. Image enhancement for
technical clarity is always permissible. Label montages and photo
illustrations.
g.. Avoid misleading re-enactments or staged news events. If re-enactment is
necessary to tell a story, label it.
h.. Avoid undercover or other surreptitious methods of gathering information
except when traditional open methods will not yield information vital to the
public. Use of such methods should be explained as part of the story.
i.. Never plagiarize.
j.. Tell the story of the diversity and magnitude of the human experience
boldly, even when it is unpopular to do so.
k.. Examine their own cultural values and avoid imposing those values on
others.
l.. Avoid stereotyping by race, gender, age, religion, ethnicity, geography,
sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance or social status.
m.. Support the open exchange of views, even views they find repugnant.
n.. Give voice to the voiceless; official and unofficial sources of
information can be equally valid.
o.. Distinguish between advocacy and news reporting. Analysis and commentary
should be labeled and not misrepresent fact or context.
p.. Distinguish news from advertising and shun hybrids that blur the lines
between the two.
q.. Recognize a special obligation to ensure that the public's business is
conducted in the open and that government records are open to inspection.
Minimize Harm
Ethical journalists treat sources, subjects and colleagues as human beings
deserving of respect.
Journalists should:
a.. Show compassion for those who may be affected adversely by news coverage.
Use special sensitivity when dealing with children and inexperienced sources or
subjects.
b.. Be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photographs of those
affected by tragedy or grief.
c.. Recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause harm or
discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance.
d.. Recognize that private people have a greater right to control information
about themselves than do public officials and others who seek power, influence
or attention. Only an overriding public need can justify intrusion into
anyone's privacy.
e.. Show good taste. Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity.
f.. Be cautious about identifying juvenile suspects or victims of sex crimes.
g.. Be judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal filing of
charges.
h.. Balance a criminal suspect's fair trial rights with the public's right to
be informed.
Act Independently
Journalists should be free of obligation to any interest other than the
public's right to know.
Journalists should:
a.. Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived.
b.. Remain free of associations and activities that may compromise integrity
or damage credibility.
c.. Refuse gifts, favors, fees, free travel and special treatment, and shun
secondary employment, political involvement, public office and service in
community organizations if they compromise journalistic integrity.
d.. Disclose unavoidable conflicts.
e.. Be vigilant and courageous about holding those with power accountable.
f.. Deny favored treatment to advertisers and special interests and resist
their pressure to influence news coverage.
g.. Be wary of sources offering information for favors or money; avoid
bidding for news.
Be Accountable
Journalists are accountable to their readers, listeners, viewers and each
other.
Journalists should:
a.. Clarify and explain news coverage and invite dialogue with the public
over journalistic conduct.
b.. Encourage the public to voice grievances against the news media.
c.. Admit mistakes and correct them promptly.
d.. Expose unethical practices of journalists and the news media.
e.. Abide by the same high standards to which they hold others.
Sigma Delta Chi's first Code of Ethics was borrowed from the American Society
of Newspaper Editors in 1926. In 1973, Sigma Delta Chi wrote its own code,
which was revised in 1984 and 1987. The present version of the Society of
Professional Journalists' Code of Ethics was adopted in September 1996.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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