You know, I don't think we can generalize from Hamas to the rest of the Middle East. I've referred to Andre Nusse's Muslim Palestine, The Ideology of Hamas on a number of occasions. She was under the impression that Hamas could be induced to do just what they've done, join an existing Palestinian government. She felt that Hamas would in essence be willing to abandon strict adherence to Sayyid Qutb's ideology which includes a rejection of any form of Nationalism. Under Muhammad there was no Nationalism but only the people, the Ummah. For Hamas to abandon that concept and agree to cooperate in Palestinian nationalism would be cause for criticism from strict Islamists. However, one must also bear in mind that deception and temporary compromise are legitimate Islamist tactics. If Hamas treats involvement in Palestinian government as a temporary expedient until that are in a position to seize total control, then they could still be considered strict Islamists. But why look at Hamas in Palestine and take that as epitomizing the man-in-the-street opinion in the Middle East? I quoted a poll that indicated something like an 85% approval rating of the U.S. and their occupation. And from all I've read I would expect the approval rating in Iraq to be in excess of 50%. Approval of the U.S. is high in Kurdish and Shiite regions and low in the Sunni region; which isn't surprising because in liberating Iraq we liberated the Kurds and Shiites from Sunni domination. Still, by and large I agree that there is a predominant anti-American sentiment in the Middle East, but this isn't new. I'll quote something on that subject from Samuel P. Huntington when I get a chance. Lawrence -----Original Message----- From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Eric Yost Sent: Thursday, January 26, 2006 12:32 PM To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: time for a re-think >>The Hamas victory is a wake up call for the US, not the Middle East. One can still hope that it's a grow-up call for Hamas. One can hope that their seizing power will ultimately result in their becoming nonviolent and effective representatives of their new nation. In fact it might be the best way to civilize Hamas, giving them the self-respect of elected political power and the responsibility that goes with it. Otherwise, yes, we may eventually have to exterminate them. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html