Andreas, I just happened upon my name in the note that inspired Irene to laud Morris Berman. Upon reading your note I discovered some interesting errors. The most egregious is that you assume "Conservative" to be an absolute idea. It isn't. "Conservative" means taking a position that says things ought to stay the same. It is Oxymoronic, by the way, to say there can be a Conservative Revolution. Liberal initially embodied standards of Freedom, Human rights and a variety of views advocated by our founding fathers. Today a Conservative can say he wants to keep those Liberal ideas advocated by our founding fathers. A modern-day American Conservative embraces the Liberal ideas of our founding fathers, the Liberal ideas fought for in their revolution against a tyrannical Britain. One needn't go on to call for a further revolution to retain the Liberal ideas of our founding fathers. It wasn't Liberal to be revolutionary. That is nonsense. Our American Revolution fought to establish certain Liberal ideals and the modern Conservative wants to retain them. What does that leave for the person who wants to be a modern Liberal? That is an interesting question. He can become an anti-American Leftist and incorrectly claim that means "Liberal." He can become a welfare-state advocate and claim that means "Liberal." He can imagine that the Revolution rather than the Liberalism of our founding Fathers is the key activity and Revolution for the sake of Revolution comprises Liberalism. He can claim all sorts of things mean Liberal. But the term became famous in America as embodying a number of ideas that are now implicit in the concept of Liberal Democracy. We Conservatives want to retain those Liberal Ideas advocated by our forefathers. Leftists, incorrectly calling themselves Liberals, want to destroy the Liberalism of Liberal-Democracy and replace it with they know not what. We American Liberals now call ourselves Conservatives and believe the American ideal: American Liberal Democracy is worth fighting for. Leftists want to tear America down. America for them is a bad idea growing worse. Leftists like Morris Berman see us in the most negative of terms. And they want to replace us, I repeat, with they know not what. You won't hear any good recommendations coming from any Leftist. Replacement for the sake of replacement; revolution for the sake of revolution seems good to them. It doesn't seem good to those of us who value the revolution that became the United States of America. What we have here is better than anyone else has in any other nation. Detractors from around the world continue to flock to come here. It doesn't validate anything to find that a 20-something doesn't know history. Conservatives would like to get rid of the Leftist hold on modern education and get back to the Little Red School house concept where valid subjects are taught. That she didn't know about our revolution is one further reason for criticizing Leftist experimentation. Lawrence -----Original Message----- From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Andreas Ramos Sent: Sunday, August 13, 2006 9:50 PM To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [lit-ideas] A Revolution in the USA? A few years ago, on the Fourth of July, a bunch of friends got together for a picnic and to watch the fireworks. The sun went down and the fireworks went up. In the group, there was a 20-something and after a while, she said "yes, but why are there fireworks? What's the connection?" There was a long awkward silence. Finally, I said "well, it's to celebrate the American Revolution." She scoffed "Oh, c'mon, there's never been a revolution in the US." And that caused a great deal of nervous laughter, because, well, she was right. She can well be excused for thinking there has never been a revolution in the USA. Lawrence and his friends would certainly deny any revolution ever happened. The history of the USA and the UK is very odd. Only because of history books do I know that the British also had a Glorious Revolution. But if I ignore history books, then who could possibly imagine that the British ever had a revolution? The French had a revolution, and everyone is well aware of that, even 200 years later. Germany tried to have a revolution in 1848, but it was crushed. What might have been if they had been successful? The Russian Revolution and later, the Chinese Revolution threw the 20th century into turmoil. But a revolution in the USA and the UK? Really now. The US thinks of itself as a progressive country that is an example for others. Yes, during the US revolution, it was. But like Soviet revolutionary slogans, the idea has remained while the leadership has replaced it with its opposite. The Nazi were also revolutionary. Revolutions aren't always leftist: there have been conservative revolutions, monarchist revolutions, theist revolutions, and so on. The Fascists wanted to install a New World Order (starring only themselves). Similar to Revolutionary France vs. Everyone Else, it became Fascists vs. Everyone Else. The Soviets were first allies with the Nazi (unbelievably) and then, just to show that the Goddess of History is a joker, the Soviets became allies with the USA. WWII was essentially an upstart country trying to seize land and other countries resisted. The UK and the USA were the conservatives of the 1900s. The USA beat down every possible form of socialism and social justice in the USA with Red Scares, witch hunts, and, well, just plain shooting them. There are very very few Americans who are revolutionary, even in the sense of the original American Revolution. The USA, born in revolution, became the leading power for conservatism. Perhaps it was slavery that killed the revolution while it was still a baby. The men who led the revolution and signed the Constitution were slaveholders. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, but only for the elite. All others are dogs. The American revolution limped on throughout Jackson and up to Lincoln, where the boil finally broke. The North won, but... it was the Southerners who had led the revolution and had the high American ideals. They lost and Northern industrialisation wiped out the country gentleman farmer. Up to the early 1830s, 90% of Americans worked their own farms and were self-substaining. After industrialization (and even up to now), 95% of Americans work for somebody else. The idealists of the revolution lost and were replaced by merchantilists and industrialists. As people became workers, they became politically passive. The elites write the laws and use the laws to protect their property (and that property includes land, minerals, factories, and the workers in those factories.) Thus the USA and the UK and other industrialized nations that were born in revolution and liberty have become essentially conservative. Even the Soviet Union, born as the Russian Revolution, became conservative by the 60s. Conservative countries only join together when they have to fight wars against upstarts that threaten the system of exploitation and ownership. They joined together to defeat the fascists and Tojo Japan (and rightly so: both were destructive enterprises.) The conservative countries keep citizens under control by using the revolutionary slogans (democracy, rights, liberty) and even uses them against revolutions that are indeed progressive. Ronald "The Great American" Reagan used these very ideas to attack the Nicaraguan Revolution, which has overturned a hated authoritarian government. Thus we have the USA, where conservatives despise "Liberals". Liberals, of course, were the revolutionaries who created the USA, fought the War of Independance against a British aristocracy, and wrote the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, some of the finest documents in world history. Those liberals are now widely viewed as treasonists. If alive today, they'd be hunted down, locked up in Guantanamo, and tortured forever. George Washington, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, and others used terrorism to fight authority, fought a guerilla war while hiding among the population, and called for others to overthrow established governments sanctioned by God. Clearly enemy combatants. It isn't only the US that has developed this way. Communist China is (very) quickly turning into a capitalist state. Quite a reversal, no? A political movement, born in revolution, becomes conservative and uses the slogans of revolution as justification to destroy further revolutions, thus becoming ever more conservative. That's why a 20-something can scoff and say there's never been a revolution in the USA. yrs, andreas www.andreas.com