In a message dated 4/30/2013 10:47:30 A.M. UTC-02, omarkusto@xxxxxxxxx writes: I came across one example which may in a sense fit it: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance. George Bernard Shaw Good. This reminded me of Floridi, who studies info. And we were considering the collocation, "false information". Cfr. Grice: He is considering a rational constraint to conversation, as it generates a conversational implicature. The constraint on truthfulness, which "enjoins the provision of contributions which are genuine rather than spurious (truthful rather than mendacious) does not SEEM to be just one among a number of recipes for producing conversational contributions." "It seems, rather, to spell out the difference between something's being, and (strictly speaking) failing to be, any kind of contribution at all." And here the quote by Grice that interested Floridi: Grice: "False information is not an inferior kind of information; it just is not information." Cfr. "So-called false 'information' is NOT an inferior kind of information; it just is NOT information." Cfr. A plastic flower is not a flower. An unwanted baby, however, IS a baby. --- Cfr. Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance. With proper scare quotes: "Beware of so-called false 'knowledge'; it is more dangerous than ignorance -- or to echo Grice it just is NOT knowledge!" --- I wouldn't be surprised if Shaw has Joan of Arc delivering the line?! :) Cheers, Speranza ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html