On page 193 of The End of History and the Last Man, Fukuyama writes, "We value praise or recognition of our worth much more highly if it comes from somebody we respect, or whose judgment we trust, and most of all if it is freely given rather than coerced. Our pet dog 'recognizes' us in some sense when he wag his tail in greeting when we come home; but he recognizes everybody as well in a similar fashion - the postman, or a burglar - because the dog is instinctually conditioned to do so. Or, to take a more political example, the satisfaction of a Stalin or a Saddam Hussein on hearing the adulation of a crowd that has been bused into a stadium and forced to cheer on pain of death is presumably less than that experienced by a democratic leader like a Washington or a Lincoln when accorded genuine respect by a free people. "This then constitutes the tragedy of the master: he risks his life for the sake of recognition on the part of a slave who is not worthy of recognizing him. The master remains less than satisfied. Moreover, the master remains fundamentally unchanging over time. He does not need to work, because he has a slave to work for him, and he has easy access to all of the things that are necessary to maintain his life. His life therefore becomes a static and unchanging one of leisure and consumption; he can be killed as Kojeve points out, but he cannot be educated. . . ." Comment: No one in Iran has the power that Saddam wielded in Iraq. It is possible that someone could in a coup gain that power. Ahmadinejad doesn't have popularity but he may have the support of the Pasdaran and so might attempt a coup if he had a reason - perhaps the greater good of the Middle East through the destruction of Israel. But baring something like that the present authoritative Iranian regime bears more resemblance to the Soviet Union after Stalin than it does a dictatorship. A group of Mullahs have the final say much as the Soviet Politburo did. The president has considerable power but he can be removed. Sharing power are the insiders, and they are loyal to the regime or they don't stay insiders. Khatami was a bit of an outsider, or perhaps a renegade in the sense that he came up from inside but wanted to reform the Iranian government, perhaps we could call him an ineffective Gorbechev. What I wonder is can enough people in positions of power in Iran be educated, and if so can they be educated quickly enough. By quickly I mean before they get the bomb. I think Qhadaffi at one point resembled Kojeve's description of a Master. He had the same sort of power that Saddam had, but in his war with the U.S. he blinked. Saddam didn't. But Libya has a population of about 6,000,000, much smaller than Iraq's 27,000,000. Perhaps Qhadaffi could more clearly see his need of blinking. Can the present Iranian regime with 69,000,000 be encouraged to blink? Aside from Mike Strangelove, I don't hear anyone saying they would love it if Iran got the bomb. John McCreery is tending toward Mike's position but is putting his faith in the acumen of Madelein Albright about whom Gerecht says "tried in 2000 to apologize their [hers and Clinton's] way into getting President Khatami to engage Washington and to cooperate with the FBI in its search for the Iranian culprits behind the deadly Khobar bombing in Saudi Arabia." And "Brezhinksi" about whom Gerecht says engaged in "the single dumbest American approach to the mullahs since 1979. The hapless, not-so-secret negotiating efforts of Carter's national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski with the provisional Iranian government in 1979 - which was a major factor behind the U.S. embassy's seizure and the collapse of the moderate government of prime minister Mehdi Bazargain . . ." Lawrence