Galen on Natural Faculties -- and Arendt and Grice Helm, who likes to read -- and share with this list, which I love -- his sharing and the list: "so bought another of her books, The Life of the Mind. I was surprised to learn that she apparently wasn't completely sure what she meant after Eichmann and began this three part work on Thinking, Willing, and Judgment, except she died before she could complete the third part." Yes, said. If Heaven should exist for _something_ is to allow philosophers to complete their unfinished books. Grice had a MS on his bedstand too, "The Eschatology for a New Discourse on Metaphysics" in 8 volumes, and only the first two pages were completed. But back to Arendt, I see a lot of parallelism with Grice, in their attempt to go to the _root_ of things. I notice some differences, though. Grice was _obsessed_ with 'judging' and 'willing'. These concepts he elaborated along the lines of Oxford philosophy of mind, notably Ryle and Prichard -- "willing that..." versus "willing to...") But I don't think he WOULD distinguish, as Arendt apparently does, between: thinking and judging. Grice's idea, ultimately Cartesian, is that there are TWO and only TWO faculties of the mind, the will and the intellect, as W. Oksh. also pointed out. In "From the banal to the bizarre" Grice attempts to REDUCE 'judging' to "willing" -- and he succeeds. He notes, however, that a similar reduction of 'willing' to judging would be possible. Personally, being a classicist, I use 'Greek' terms for these two abilities (dunameis) of the mind, as Galen calls them -- in LCC --. I use 'doxa' (or 'doxastic') for the cognitive side (after Gk. 'belief' as opposed to 'knowledge') and I use 'boulomaic' (from Gk. 'boule', will) for the volitive side. -- In a dual scheme like that -- which can be reduced to a monist scheme -- there does not seem to be a place for a distinction between 'judging' and 'thinking'. But then it's back to Prince Maurice's Parrot -- discussed by Locke and Geary ("I guess the parrot is saying, "If I parrot, he will feed me"). Cheers, JL ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com