Geary says "all languages are illiterate" -- and he's been around. Mind, even "Homo sapiens" was 'agraphic', and there's this book on Socrates, The Unwritten Doctrines, while we suppose Socrates _could_ write. It's all very complicated, and I long for a culture which would revalue the Oral Performance Word, and where all are good spellers ("Spelling your own" indeed to echo Malcolm) Cheers, JL 1871 Academy 15 Mar. 183/2 Agraphia, in which the patient speaks, but blunders sadly in writing. 1880 _BASTIAN_ (http://0-dictionary.oed.com.csulib.ctstateu.edu/help/bib/oed2-b.html#bastian) Brain xxix. 658 Agraphia may be appropriately enough allowed to include ‘incoordinate’ as well as ‘paralytic’ defects in the power of mental expression by Writing. The collective name given to sayings attributed to Jesus but not recorded in the canonical Gospels. [1889 A. RESCH (title of book written in German) Agrapha.] ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com