https://americas.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/ULI-Documents/Scorched_Final-PDF.pdf
[Table of Contents:
6 PART I THE SCIENCE AND IMPACTS
8 The Science of Extreme Heat
12 The Impacts of Extreme Heat
16 PART II IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE REAL ESTATE SECTOR
19 The Emerging Business Case for Addressing Extreme Heat
22 Regional Market Impacts
24 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies33Case Studies: Real Estate
Development
44 PART III THE EXTREME HEAT POLICY LANDSCAPE
47 Potential Innovations in Heat Policy
51 Case Studies: Policy
60 Conclusion: Building for a Warmer Future
62 Acknowledgements
63 Notes
From the executive summary:
Soaring temperatures and dangerous heat waves are the uncomfortable
reality in communities across the United States. Extreme heat risks are
not limited to historically hot environments or summer months; heat is
the most widespread and deadly weather-related hazard in the United
States.1 With the projected impacts of climate change and continued
urban development, many communities are likely to experience
higher-temperature days; longer, more frequent heat waves; and
intensified impacts in cities where “urban heat islands” (UHIs) form
because of the heat-absorbing properties of urban surfaces. Urban areas
are the most at-risk locations from extreme heat in the United States.
This heat has the potential for devastating public health
consequences—as seen in the Chicago Heat Wave of 1995, the European
heat wave of 2003, and more recently, the near global summer heat wave
of 2018. Extreme heat also has the potential for long-term impacts on
local economies and consumer market preferences.
In response, U.S. real estate developers, designers, and policymakers
increasingly acknowledge the consequences of extreme heat and are
seeking solutions to make buildings, neighborhoods, parks, and outdoor
spaces more adaptable to environmental conditions and comfortable for
occupants. Although managing extreme heat has no one-size-fits-all
approach, particularly given different humidity levels and other local
conditions, a suite of potential options is available, many of which
also build amenity value and address other environmental needs such as
stormwater management. Broadly, developments can prevent the absorption
of heat with light-colored surfaces and materials, provide direct
cooling with increased shade from built and natural shade canopies, and
better cope with extremes through “heat-aware” building envelopes and
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) choices that stabilize
indoor temperatures even during power outages.
Policymakers are considering how to address extreme heat in land use and
building regulations as well as through social services and emergency
preparedness. Urban greening programs and community resources to protect
the most affected demographics are well-established approaches. New
programs and technologies are seeking to better understand and apply the
nuances of urban heat dynamics to planning policies that can improve
climate resilience through extreme heat mitigation and adaptation.
The built environment is ultimately both a contributor to and a
solution for extreme heat, especially in cities, and presents numerous
opportunities for mitigation and adaptation at the building and
neighborhood scales. Although designing for extreme heat is an emerging
issue that is not yet mainstream in many U.S. markets, it is likely to
become more prevalent as extreme heat increases and is acknowledged by
both consumers and local regulators and as economic, infrastructural,
and public health impacts make the risks of extreme heat more visible.
This report explores how extreme heat is emerging as a growing risk
factor and planning consideration across the United States and why this
trend is likely to continue. The report also explores how the land use,
design, and real estate sectors are responding with design approaches,
technologies, and new policies to mitigate the infrastructure impacts of
extreme heat and to protect human health.
76 pages
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