https://www.wellandgood.com/good-advice/microplastics-in-food/
[links in online article]
This is exactly how much plastic you eat each week—and how to avoid it
Marissa Miller, December 27, 2019
A recent study commissioned by the World Wildlife Fund found that humans
consume about a credit card’s worth of plastic each week.
Microplastics—defined as particles of plastic measuring anywhere from
one micron to five millimeters that enter our food, water, and the
atmosphere—have only been closely studied in labs in for the last couple
decades, so their longterm effects on human health are largely unknown.
“It’s only been the last four or five years that the general public was
like, ‘This isn’t only about suffocating the ocean, but my family’,”
says Peter Ross, PhD, microplastics expert and vice president of
research at Ocean Wise.
We’ve seen examples of what happens to wildlife when they encounter
large bodies of plastic in their habitats, whether a fish swallows a
bottle cap or a turtle mistakes a plastic bag for jellyfish. And when it
comes to humans, we know to take our little cousin to the emergency room
when they swallow a plastic toy to ward off a potential intestinal
blockage or rupture, or, less commonly, chemical toxicity from plastic
lined with flame-retardants or phthalates. But what about those plastics
we can’t see or feel?
“We’re at the point where many governments around the world are saying,
‘We know that microplastics are harmful to biological life, but we’re
not clear as to what the risks are in humans,” says Dr. Ross. The not
knowing is what can be so unsettling.
As if microplastics weren’t anxiety-inducing enough to think about, you
then have to consider the possibility of nanoplastics floating around.
“They’re troublesome because it’s possible that they easily go across
our gut lining and into circulation,” says Dr. Ross. “We’re just
hypothesizing that if it’s circulating around, what’s it going to do in
certain organs and the brain? At this point it becomes science fiction.”
While the jury is still out on how microplastics affect human health,
limiting exposure certainly can’t hurt. Here, Dr. Ross gives tips on how
to limit it as much as possible—for yourself and the planet.
Lifestyle tips for reducing microplastic exposure
The growing concern surrounding plastics in our food system stems from
the exponential increase in plastic manufacturing on a global scale,
according to Dr. Ross. Plastic manufacturing laws are not uniform across
all countries, states, and industries, so it’s up to us to implement
changes on a personal, immediate level. Here’s what you can do: Dr. Ross
recommends avoiding fast-fashion (think the likes of Forever 21 and H&M)
since a significant amount of plastic found in oceans comes from clothing.
Because each household produces an average of 500 million fibers per
year that might enter the ocean, he says, wash with cold water and less
soap. If you can, opt for a front-loading washing machine that requires
less water per load, and wrings out more water than top-loading
machines. Additionally, eliminate or limit your consumption of
single-use plastic in the form of bags, straws, bottles, and packaging.
Be sure to recycle the plastic you do use properly by consulting your
municipality’s laws.
How to reduce microplastic exposure at mealtime
Anytime you consume a food or drink, you could be ingesting
microplastics without knowing it. According to Dr. Ross, it’s really
tough to know what specific types of foods are more susceptible to
plastic contamination. But he does call out two major ones scientists
have seen first-hand: “First, plastics are already in the food like fish
or shellfish if they had taken it in from the environment, and the
second is bottled drinking water,” says Dr. Ross.
Plants or factors can have microplastic fibers in the air, which can end
up in food and drinks during production. “In the factory or plant, dust
from the air in the plant serves as a conduit landing in the water,” Dr.
Ross says. This can happen in our own homes, too, which is why he
suggests sweeping and vacuuming frequently, not just simply dusting
surfaces.
Be aware, but don’t obsess
While all these tips can help cut down on microplastic exposure, Dr.
Ross reiterates that it’s too early to tell how they affect human
health. Until more scientific and medical studies are done,
microplastics remain a huge question mark as far as physical and
cognitive impacts are concerned.
He also says both our respiratory and gastrointestinal systems are
designed to process foreign particles. “When inhaling air, we have a
barrier inside the lungs, including microphages that gobble it up,” he
says. “In general, humans have evolved to deal with things that are
indigestible that we can’t break down.”
While it’s absolutely important to think about the amount of plastics in
our oceans, land, and bodies, obsessing isn’t healthy either. However,
it’s important to keep in mind that there’s no downside to reducing
plastic use. Even if the jury is still out on the impact on human
health, the impact on the planet is well-known. And that’s reason enough
to be mindful.
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