Hello everyone-- I've sent the list several emails on the network-within-a-network issue, and corresponded with Tom Shinder both on and off the list on this topic. I've been tearing my hair out over it for several weeks now. It finally occurred to me that I could probably get this solved fairly quickly by calling Microsoft PSS, which is what I did this morning. It was a fairly cheap route to get this problem solved, and now I can actually start putting ISA 2004 into production! Anyway, I think there are many of you out there with network configurations similar to what I've got. So I'm guessing some of you might like to hear about the solution. Here it is. I have an internal 172.17.x.x network. I also have roughly 35 192.168.x.x networks that are all physically remote, but network-wise they are internal: they all go through a third party firewall/VPN device to connect to the home network. So here at the home site, we have had two firewalls: ISA 2000 and IPCop (the third party device). With the addition of static routes on the ISA 2000 server pointing to the IPCop firewall, everything worked fine on ISA 2000. It didn't work so well with ISA 2004--communications between the remote subnets and the home office subnet were quirky at best, non-existent at worst. The solution was quite simple: every server in the 172.17.x.x subnet needs to have persistent static routes added for all the 35 remote subnets, all the 172.17.x.x workstations that need to communicate with the remote subnets also need these same persistent static routes, and for good measure I added a static route to each of the remote servers to tell them how to get to the 172.17.x.x subnet. It's been a few hours and all my communication woes are solved, at least for now! Keeping my fingers crossed, Rob