[guide.chat] 1 thrupence
- From: "Vanessa" <qwerty1234567a@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- To: "GuideChat" <guide.chat@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Mon, 22 Aug 2011 09:25:01 +0100
Three old pence.
United Kingdom
Value0.0125 GBP.
Mass 9.8 g
Diameter 81-22 mm
Thickness approx. 2 mm
EdgePlain
Composition79% Cu. , 20% Zn. , 1% Ni.
Years of minting1547-1970
Catalog number-
Obverse
Threepence obverse.jpg.
Design Queen Elizabeth II.
Reverse
1953ThreePence.jpeg.
Design Tudor. portcullis.
Design date1953
The threepence or thrupenny bit was a denomination of currency. used by
various jurisdictions in England. , Ireland. , Scotland. and Wales. ,
until decimalisation. of the pound sterling. and Irish pound. in 1971. It
was also used in some parts of the British Empire (later known as the
Commonwealth), notably Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
Before decimalisation brought about a new currency with new coinage, the sum of
three pence was pronounced variously "THROOP-ence" (English pronunciation:
/'?r?p?ns/. ), "THREPP-ence" (English pronunciation: /'?r?p?ns/. ) or
"THRUPP-ence" (English pronunciation: /'?r?p?ns/. ), reflecting different
pronunciations in the various regions of Great Britain. Likewise, the coin was
usually referred to in conversation as a "THROOP-nee" (English pronunciation:
/'?r?pni/. ), "THREPP-nee" (English pronunciation: /'?r?pni/. ) or
"THRUPP-nee" (English pronunciation: /'?r?pni/. ) bit.
Contents. [ hide. ]
1 Early threepences.
2 Threepences reintroduced.
3 Rarer threepences.
4 Mid to late 17th century.
5 Early 18th century.
6 Change of role.
7 Queen Victoria.
8 Early 20th century.
9 Brass vs silver threepences.
10 Elizabeth II threepences.
11 The Commonwealth.
12 Building.
13 See also.
14 References.
15 External links. [ edit. ] Early threepences.
The three pence coin - expressed in writing as "3d" - first appeared in England
during the fine silver coinage of King Edward VI. (1547-1553), when it formed
part of a set of new denominations. Although it was an easy denomination to
work with in the context of the old sterling coinage system, being a quarter of
a shilling. , initially it was not popular with the public who preferred the
groat. (four pence). Hence the coin was not minted in the following two reigns.
Edward VI threepences were struck at the London. and York. mints. The
obverse. shows a front-facing bust of the king, with a rose to the left and
the value numeral III to the right, surrounded by the legend EDWARD VI D G ANG
FRA Z HIB REX. The reverse shows a long cross over the royal shield, surrounded
by the legend (London mint) POSUI DEUM ADIUTOREM MEUM (I have made God my
helper), or (York mint) CIVITAS EBORACI (City of York).
Queen Elizabeth I. (1558-1603) produced threepences during her third coinage
(1561-1577). Most 1561 issues are 21 mm in diameter, while later ones are 19 mm
in diameter. These coins are identifiable from other denominations by the rose
behind the queen's head on the obverse, and the date on the reverse. The
obverse shows a left-facing crowned bust of the queen with a rose behind her,
surrounded by the legend ELIZABETH D G ANG FR ET HIB REGINA, while the reverse
shows shield over a long cross, dated 1561, surrounded by the legend POSUI DEU
ADIUTOREM MEU. Dates used for the smaller coins were 1561-77. Threepences of
the fourth coinage (1578-1582) are identical except for having a slightly lower
silver content. There was also a fairly rare milled coinage. threepence,
produced between 1561 and 1564 with similar designs and inscriptions to the
hammered coinage. threepences.
The threepence denomination fell out of use again during the reign of King
James I. , while during Charles I. 's reign (1625-1649) it was not produced at
the London Tower. mint, but was produced (sometimes in some quantity) at
various provincial mints. The denomination is identified by the numeral III
appearing behind the king's head.[ edit. ] Threepences reintroduced.
By far the most common Charles I threepences were produced at the Aberystwyth.
mint between 1638 and 1642. They feature a left-facing crowned bust of the
king with plumes in front of his face and the numeral III behind him, with the
legend CAROLUS DG MA B FR ET H REX (or a combination of M(A) B F(R) ET H(I)(B)
depending on the engraver), with the reverse showing the royal arms on a large
oval shield with plumes above the shield, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO
- I reign under the auspices of Christ. Plumes were the identifying symbol of
the Aberystwyth mint, but the Bristol. and Oxford. mints often used dies
from the Aberystwyth mint so plumes often appear on their output too. Milled
coins were produced at the York mint between 1638 and 1649, which look similar
to the Aberystwyth product but without the plumes - the obverse features a
left-facing crowned bust of the king with the numeral III behind him, with the
legend CAROLUS D G MAG BR FR ET HI REX, with the reverse showing the royal arms
on a shield over a cross, with EBOR over the shield and the legend CHRISTO
AUSPICE REGNO.
Coins were produced at the Oxford mint between 1644 and 1646, using the
Aberystwyth dies for the obverse, while the reverse of the 1644 coin shows the
Declaration of Oxford in three lines: RELI PRO LEG ANG LIB PAR. 1644 OX - The
religion of the Protestants, the laws of England, the liberty of Parliament.
1644 Oxford, while around the outside of the coin is the legend EXURGAT DEUS
DISSIPENTUR INIMICI - Let God arise and His enemies be scattered. This coin
also appears dated 1646. A further type produced at Oxford had on the obverse
the king's bust with the denomination behind him, and the letter "R" (for
Rawlins, the maker of the die) below the king's shoulder and the legend CAROLUS
D G M BR F ET H REX and the Aberystwyth reverse.[ edit. ] Rarer threepences.
The mint. at Bristol produced rare threepences in 1644 and 1645. In 1644 the
Aberystwyth obverse was used to produce a coin with the reverse showing the
Declaration of Oxford: REL PRO LEG AN LIB PA 1644 - The religion of the
Protestants. , the laws of England, the liberty of Parliament 1644, while
around the outside of the coin is the legend EXURGAT DEUS DISSIPENTUR INIMICI -
Let God arise and His enemies be scattered. This was repeated in 1645, but with
a plumelet instead of a plume in front of the king's face.
In 1644 the Exeter. mint produced a fairly scarce threepence. It features a
left-facing crowned bust of the king with the numeral III behind him, with the
legend CAROLUS D G MA BR F ET H RE, with the reverse showing the royal arms on
a shield with the date 1644 above the shield, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE
REGNO. Extremely rare threepences were also produced at the Worcester or
Shrewsbury mints, and possibly also at Chester.
No threepences were produced by the Commonwealth. .[ edit. ] Mid to late 17th
century.
The final hammered coinage threepences were produced at the start of the reign
of king Charles II. . In style they are very reminiscent of his father's
issues, the obverse featuring the bust of the king, with the numeral III and
the legend CAROLUS II D G MAG BRI F ET H REX, with the reverse showing the
royal arms on a shield over a cross, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO.
The milled silver threepences of Charles II form two types. There is the
undated issue which looks very like the earlier hammered coinage, with a
crowned left-facing bust of the king with the denomination indicated by III
behind his head, and the inscription CAROLVS II D G M B F & H REX, with the
reverse showing a shield encircling the arms of England, Scotland, Ireland and
France. with the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. This was followed by the dated
issue, issued each year from 1670 to 1684, where the obverse features a
right-facing uncrowned bust of the king and the inscription CAROLVS II DEI
GRATIA, with the reverse showing three crowned interlinked "C"s (indicating the
value) and the inscription MAG BR FRA ET HIB REX date. All milled silver
threepences were 17 millimetres in diameter and weighed 1.5 grams - dimensions
which were unchanged until near the end of the reign of George III.
A similar threepence was produced for king James II. , dated 1685 to 1688, the
obverse showing a left-facing bust of the king and the inscription IACOBVS II
DEI GRATIA, with the reverse showing three crowned "I"s (indicating the value)
and the inscription MAG BR FRA ET HIB REX date.
For the joint reign of William and Mary. , threepences were produced in all
years from 1689 to 1694. For the first two years a somewhat caricatured
portrait of the monarchs was used, replaced by a rather more staid portrait in
1691, with the inscription GVLIELMVS ET MARIA D G, while the reverse shows a
crowned Arabic number "3" and the inscription MAG BR FR ET HIB REX ET REGINA
date. For the sole reign of William III. the design remained very similar,
with the inscriptions changed to GVLIELMVS III DEI GRA and MAG BR FR ET HIB REX
date.[ edit. ] Early 18th century.
In the reign of Queen Anne. (1702-1714), the same basic design was used, with
threepences produced in 1703-1710 and 1713. The obverse shows a left-facing
bust of the queen, with the inscription ANNA DEI GRATIA while the reverse shows
the crowned "3" and MAG BR FR ET HIB REG date (1703-5, 1707), MAG BR FRA ET HIB
REG (1706), or MAG BRI FR ET HIB REG (1708-13).
The design continued in the reign of George I. , when threepences were
produced in 1717, 1721, 1723, and 1727. The obverse shows a right-facing bust
of the king, with the inscription GEORGIVS DEI GRATIA while the reverse shows
the crowned "3" and MAG BRI FR ET HIB REX date.
Unusually, the same young portrait of king George II. was used on the
threepence throughout his reign (1727-60), despite an older portrait being used
on other denominations from 1743. Threepences were produced in 1729, 1731,
1732, 1735, 1737, 1739, 1740, 1743, 1746, and 1760. The obverse shows a
left-facing bust of the king, with the inscription GEORGIVS II DEI GRATIA while
the reverse shows the crowned "3" and MAG BRI FR ET HIB REX date.[ edit. ]
Change of role.
While the silver threepence was minted as a currency coin until nearly the
middle of the twentieth century, it is clear that the purpose of the coin
changed during the reign of King George III. (1760-1820). In the first two
years of minting, 1762 and 1763, the coin was obviously produced for general
circulation as examples are generally found well worn; on the other hand, coins
from the late issue (1817-20) are usually found in very fine condition,
indicating that they were probably issued as Maundy money. . Over the length
of the reign there were several different designs of obverse and reverse in
use. Threepences were issued in 1762-3, 1765-6, 1770, 1772, 1780, 1784, 1786,
1792, 1795, 1800, 1817, 1818, and 1820. From 1817 the dimensions of the coin
were reduced to a weight of 1.4 grams and diameter of 16 millimetres, following
the Great Recoinage of 1816. . The inscription on the obverse reads GEORGIVS
III DEI GRATIA up to 1800, and GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA date from 1817. The
reverse inscription reads MAG BRI FR ET HIB REX date up to 1800 and
BRITANNIARUM REX FID DEF date from 1817.
By the start of the reign of king George IV. (1820-1830) the coin was being
struck primarily as a Maundy coin, although some coins were produced for use in
the colonies. See Maundy money. for full details of these issues. Threepences
were struck in all years from 1822 to 1830, though the king's head is smaller
on the 1822 issue, apparently because the correct punch broke and the one from
the twopence was used instead. The obverse inscription reads GEORGIUS IIII D G
BRITANNIAR REX F D, while the reverse shows a new-style crowned "3" and date,
all within a wreath.
In King William IV. 's reign (1830-1837), maundy coins were produced in
1831-37, and identical circulation coins were produced for the colonies,
identifiable only through not having a prooflike surface. The obverse
inscription reads GULIELMUS IIII D G BRITANNIAR REX F D, while the reverse
shows the new-style crowned "3" and date, all within a wreath.[ edit. ] Queen
Victoria.
Victoria threepence 1899
Victorian. threepences were produced both for maundy use and for normal
circulation in all years between 1838 and 1901 except 1847, 1848, and 1852
(probably because of the possible advent of a decimal currency at the time (see
florin. ), when the 3d at 1/80th of a pound would not have fitted within a
decimal system. Currency silver threepences from 1838 to 1926 were of identical
design and cannot usually be distinguished except in the best conditions when
the higher striking standard of the maundy coins stand out; this resulted in
the curious legal anomaly that when the currency was decimalised in 1971 all
silver threepences from 1870 onwards were revalued at three new pence, not just
the maundy coins. Threepences were produced with both the "young head"
(1838-1887) and "Jubilee head" (1887-1893), inscribed VICTORIA D G BRITANNIAR
REGINA F D, while those produced with the "old head" (1893-1901) are inscribed
VICTORIA DEI GRA BRITT REGINA FID DEF IND IMP.[ edit. ] Early 20th century.
The currency threepence was issued for each of the nine years of the reign of
king Edward VII. from 1902. The reverse design remained the same, while the
obverse showed the right-facing effigy of the king, with the inscription
EDWARDVS VII D G BRITT OMN REX F D IND IMP.
The reign of king George V. (1910-1936) features several changes to the
threepence denomination. As with all British silver coins, the silver content
was reduced from sterling. (0.925) silver to 50% silver, 40% copper, 10%
nickel in 1920, 50% silver, 50% copper in 1922, and 50% silver, 40% copper, 5%
nickel, 5% zinc in 1927, while the design of the reverse of the circulating
threepence (but not the maundy threepence) was completely changed in 1927 to
three oak sprigs with three acorns and a "G" in the centre, and the inscription
THREE PENCE date. The inscription on the obverse throughout the reign was
GEORGIVS V D G BRITT OMN REX F D IND IMP.
The threepences of king Edward VIII. were all patterns awaiting royal
approval at the time of the abdication in December 1936. The silver threepence
had another completely new reverse - three interlinked rings of Saint Edmund.
, with the inscription FID DEF IND IMP 1937 THREE PENCE, while the obverse
shows a left-facing effigy of the king with the inscription EDWARDVS VIII D G
BR OMN REX and a very small silver engravement.[ edit. ] Brass vs silver
threepences.
A 1943 brass threepenny bit.
By the end of George V's reign the threepence had become somewhat unpopular in
England because of its small size, but it remained popular in Scotland. It was
consequently decided to introduce a more substantial threepenny coin which
would have a more convenient weight/value ratio than the silver coinage. The
silver threepence continued to be minted, as there may have been some
uncertainty about how well the new coin would be accepted. The Edward VIII era
saw the planned introduction of a new, larger, nickel-brass (79% copper, 20%
zinc, 1% nickel) twelve-sided threepence coin. This coin weighed 6.6 grams and
the diameter was 21 mm across the sides and 22 mm across the corners. The
obverse shows a left-facing effigy of the king with the inscription EDWARDVS
VIII D G BR OMN REX F D IND IMP, and the reverse shows a three-headed thrift.
plant with the inscription THREE PENCE 1937. Only very small numbers of these
coins were minted, and they are extremely rare today.
During the reign of king George VI. , circulation silver threepences were
produced only in 1937-1945 (and almost all the 1945 examples were subsequently
melted down). The obverse shows a left-facing effigy of the king with the
inscription GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN REX, while the reverse has an elegant design
of a shield of St George lying on a Tudor rose, dividing the date, with the
inscription FID DEF IND IMP THREE PENCE. The nickel-brass threepence took over
the bulk of the production of the denomination, being produced in all years
between 1937 and 1952 except 1947. Apart from the king's head and name, and the
weight being increased to 6.8 grams, the coin was identical to that prepared
for Edward VIII. Coins dated 1946 and 1949 were minted in far fewer numbers
than the rest, and as nickel-brass wears very quickly, higher grade specimens
of these coins are expensive to buy now (both over £275 for uncirculated
examples).[ edit. ] Elizabeth II threepences.
The physical dimensions of the brass threepence remained the same in the reign
of Queen Elizabeth II. . The effigy of the queen produced by Mary Gillick.
was used, with the inscription ELIZABETH II DEI GRA BRITT OMN REGINA F D used
in 1953, and ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA F D used in all other years. The
reverse shows a Tudor. portcullis with chains and a coronet, with the
inscription THREE PENCE date. This coin was produced in all years from 1953 to
1967, and in 1970 (in proof sets only).
Following decimalisation, the brass threepence ceased to be legal tender after
31 August 1971.[ edit. ] The Commonwealth.
A three pence coin was also used in the pre- decimalisation. currencies of
Commonwealth of Nations. countries such as Fiji. , Australia. , and New
Zealand. , and it was called a Ticky. in South Africa. .[ edit. ] Building.
No.1 Croydon. was known for many years as the "Threepenny bit building" for
its resemblance to a stack of threepenny coins. After the coins were phased out
(beginning in 1970. ) the building eventually gained a new nickname: the "
50p. building".[ edit. ] See also.
Irish three-pence coin.
Australian pound.
New Zealand pound.
v. · d. · e. British coinage.
Current circulation
One penny. · Two pence. · Five pence. · Ten pence. · Twenty pence. ·
Fifty pence. · One pound. · Two pounds.
Commemorative and bullion
Twenty-five pence. · Five pounds. · Maundy money. · Quarter sovereign. ·
Half sovereign. · Sovereign. · Britannia.
Withdrawn (decimal)
Half penny.
Withdrawn (pre-decimal,
selected coins)
Quarter-farthing. · Third-farthing. · Half-farthing. · Farthing. ·
Halfpenny. · Penny. · Threepence · Groat. · Sixpence. · One shilling.
· Two shillings (florin). · Half crown. · Double florin (four shillings).
· Crown. · Guinea.
Vanessa the Google Girl
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