Gary, Welcome to the forum. As you may have already gathered, I am the awkward, contrary acentrist on this board, who keeps challenging errors of science and logic. (However, I'm really quite a nice guy when you get to know me, and I have nothing against the Christian religion.) Gary 9/22: Hi Rob, Thank you for the welcome. I'm sure you are a nice guy. Are you saying you are an acentrist on a geocentrist site? Or are you saying you are contrary to that? Now, to your assertions / questions. "If a jet plane leaves O'Hare airport in Chicago and flies in the air at 500 mph, how is it that this airplane will traverse 500 miles of ground below it in one hour no matter which direction it flies?" Because 500mph is it's speed relative to the air, it'll also be roughly be equal to it's speed relative to the ground, if you neglect any headwind of tail-wind. You need to grasp the nature of relative speed here - to take a more familiar example, if you're on a train travelling at 100mph, that's 100mph relative to the ground. If you then walk quickly towards the back of the train at 4mph, relative to the ground you are travelling backwards at a speed of 96mph. Another example, you are on a carousel at a fair. The carousel is rotating at a speed where the ground is passing underneath your feet at 5mph. You begin to walk round edge of the carousel, fairly slowly, at 1mph. Now, it'll take you as much time to go a quarter of the way round in one direction, as it would do to go a quarter of the way round in the other direction. But one way, your speed relative to the ground is 6mph, the other way, you are travelling backwards at 4mph relative to the ground. How do you know the carousel is rotating and not the entire fairground rotating round the carousel? Gary 9/22: Rob, I agree with your last question, but neither of your above examples has anything to do with the example of an airplane I gave which leaves contact with the ground. Well, one thing that would make you suspicious is that you're getting some weird forces acting on you. You feel that some force is pushing you off the carousel. Also if you walk in a straight line towards the centre, you feel a force trying to push you sideways. Another is you can see the rest of the fairground, and there are lots of other carousels in view. Some bigger, some smaller than the one you're on, and they're all spinning round. Gary 9/22: Rob, whether the other carousels are spinning or not is irrelevant to what is happening on your own carousel. Now, you look into the night sky and there are planets there. Some bigger than Earth, some smaller. And when you study them through a telescope, you can see they are all turning. Mars - rotating every 24 hours 37 minutes. Jupiter - rotating every 9 hours 50 minutes (and Jupiter is bigger than the Earth!) Mercury - rotating every 59 days. Not fast, I grant you, but rotating. Venus - rotating every 243 days. If any planet is nearly Geostatic it's Venus. Saturn - rotating every 10 hours 15 minutes Uranus - rotating every 17 hours 20 minutes Neptune - rotating every 16 hours. The Sun itself - rotating every 25 days on the equation, 36 days near the poles. And what's more, their atmospheres (where they have them) are turning with them. We are in exactly the same situation here on Earth. Gary 9/22: Rob, if you are trying to say the Earth is turning, you are on the wrong site. It may not mean anything to you but the Bible in Genesis 1:1 states "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth." Note that it doesn't say "heaven and Halley's Comet" or "heaven and all the planets". The earth is so important it is mentioned in verse 1 of the Bible. We are not on just another planet like all the ones you mentioned. As a matter of fact, the earth is not a "planet" at all, as that term comes from the Greek and means "to wander". Since the earth doesn't move, it is not a planet. It is the earth. Further, Genesis 1:14-17 state that the earth is so important that it had created FOR IT all the planets, stars, and other heavenly bodies. Those creations were made, you can read there, for "signs, seasons, days, years, and to give light upon the earth". All five of these reasons are reasons FOR THE EARTH. If the earth weren't here, neither would they be. "Assuming we are indeed on a turning earth and, somehow, this atmosphere of ours is turning with us, what is the mechanism which enables it to do so? Musn't it have something which "roots" it to the ground much like an enormous tree?" Your question really should be - what enables the atmosphere to remain turning with the Earth. Why does it not slow down and stop, so we end up with 1,000 mph winds on the equator? Gary 9/22: Rob, I think my question is right...for a geocentrist. The question you have phrased assumes the earth and atmosphere have always been turning...just like the heliocentric scientists have taught us. The reason is, the atmosphere is a viscous fluid. It couldn't sustain such incredibly high relative windspeeds for long before resistance with relief such as mountains and valleys slowed it down. It wouldn't happen overnight, but it would happen pretty soon. Otherwise cyclones would never blow themselves out. Gary 9/22: Rob, if the atmosphere "is a viscous fluid", then it wouldn't turn with a turning earth at all. Have you ever watched a ball bearing turn in oil? In that viscous fluid the ball bearing constantly plows into the oil. Only that oil closest to the ball bearing turns with the bearing. The rest "slips" to increasing degrees as you move away from the bearing. Gary 9/22: Note, this is backwards from what some say is the dual nature of the atmosphere. Those who tout this dual nature always have the air "slipping" or "free-roaming" at the surface of the earth, but moving "en mass" further out. And the atmosphere is not rigidly turning with the Earth. It can't, it's a gas. It responds to local temperature variations, local relief like mountains and valleys, local temperature variations over the oceans, the continual heating of half of the planet by the Sun, anything that disturbs it. As hot air from the equator moves north or south, it retains a lot of it's speed from the equator, an effect called Coriolis http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/earth/coriolis.html which has significant effects on the trade winds that were so useful to ocean navigators, as well as the ocean currents. The movement of the atmosphere is really a very complex fluid dynamics problem and usually needs powerful computers to model it in any detail. "Would not a tandemly turning atmosphere/earth mean nothing could move the air upon the ground? And would this not further mean instant suffocation for every breathing creature on earth?" Yes it would. But gases are not fixed and immovable, are they? They are gases. They can move. Gary 9/22: Rob, this would be my point. The atmosphere is a gas, and is not fixed and rigid. In fact I have said that we can see for ourselves how it moves by blowing the leaves on the trees, etc. The question that is begged for heliocentrists, as I see it, is what mechanism causes the air to turn but still allows for us to see it move as a gas naturally does, ie., as the wind. How can the air act both rigidly and gaseously at the same time? It seems to me that the air must either turn or not turn with the earth. Any kind of dual-nature middle ground seems patently untenable. Now, to Neville's earlier response to the same post. There is one point he makes which is unforgivably wrong and demands a response. "That would be assigned to the gravitational field, which rotates with the World, and accompanies the World about the Sun (wowzers, I'd better wash my mouth out after this)." Yes, you better had. The gravitational field has nothing to do with the rotation of the atmosphere with the Earth. It holds the atmosphere close to the Earth, granted, but the gravity field does not 'rotate'. You seem to be confusing gravitational fields with magnetic fields. Gary 9/22: Rob, yeah that was an odd remark from the good doctor. Rob