[duxuser] Re: Learning to use Dbt win - Codes & Styles - Addendum.
- From: "George Bell" <george@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- To: <duxuser@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Thu, 8 Jul 2004 23:57:38 +0100
Hi Ann,
You missed the vital two sentences requoted
below:-
"However, I must absolutely stress that what is
below is principally for the new 10.5, although it
should give you all an insight into what they are.
Experienced DBT users will spot the obvious
changes in 10.5 ......."
Basically, the appearance of Codes versus Styles
is changing in 10.5. Codes will still appear in
square brackets, but Styles will appear between
greater than and less than signs.
George.
-----Original Message-----
From: duxuser-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:duxuser-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of
Foxworth, Ann
Sent: 08 July 2004 23:46
To: duxuser@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [duxuser] Re: Learning to use Dbt win -
Codes & Styles - Addendum.
When I reveal the codes, I see both styles and
codes between brackets.
No greater-than or less-than signs anywhere.
Ann Foxworth, Braille Consultant
Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative
Services Division for Blind Services Criss Cole
Rehabilitation Center 4800 North Lamar BLVD
Austin, Texas, 78757
PH: (512) 377-0353
E-mail: ann.foxworth@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
-----Original Message-----
From: duxuser-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:duxuser-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]
On Behalf Of George Bell
Sent: Thursday, July 08, 2004 5:45 PM
To: duxuser@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: RE: [duxuser] Learning to use Dbt win -
Codes & Styles - Addendum.
Before you all go off and start wildly applying
Styles, I have made a serious blunder, and also
missed out an important question. My sincere
apologies, and my equally thanks to a young lady
in middle of the States who picked up my omission.
You will find the full version after my signature
(or search for three + signs) incorporating the
revised sections which immediately follow.
This will go after - "What is a Style?"
Are all Styles the same kind?
No. There are basically two kinds of Style.
The first is called a "Paragraph Style", aptly
named because it applies to an entire paragraph.
But don't be fooled, even one line is technically
a paragraph, such as a Heading for example,
provided it ends with a carriage return or new
line code of some kind.
The second is called a "Character Style", though
you will often hear people refer to this as a
"Linear" or "In-Line" Style. This is where a
Style is applied to Text within a paragraph. An
example of this is where we might have an e-mail
or web address which in many countries is
translated using Computer Braille, which in turn
has its own special rules. The DBT Style called
"compinline" (without the quotes) is therefore
often applied to e-mail or web addresses.
How do I tell the difference between the two kinds
of Style in DBT?
Styles whose name ends with a period, or full
stop, are Paragraph Styles. Those which do NOT
end with a period are Character Styles.
(Screen reader users beware!]
[This is where I had my big serious mistake, so
please re-read]
How do I apply a Style to my text?
Remember that there are two kinds of Style, and so
the Style must be applied slightly differently.
A Paragraph Style applies to an entire paragraph.
We can therefore simply place our cursor anywhere
inside the paragraph. To apply a Style the long
way, open the Layout Menu, choose Apply Style, and
then navigate through the list of Styles to say
"h1.", which is equivalent to Heading 1 in Word
for Windows and press return. The short way is to
press the F8 key, which immediately brings up the
list of Styles. As the list of Styles is in
alphabetical order, we can press the letter h, and
we will be positioned at the beginning of h
section. Up or down arrow if required to reach
the Style required, and press Enter.
A Character Style applies to a section of text
within a paragraph. Let us suppose for this
example, we want to apply the "compinline"
(computer
braille) Style to an e-mail address. Before we
can apply the Style, we need to highlight the text
to which that Style will be applied. [see
highlighting text elsewhere for instructions]
Having highlighted the text, the long way is to
open the Layout Menu, choose Apply Style, and then
navigate through the list of Styles to say
"compinline" and press Enter. The short way is to
press the F8 key, which immediately brings up the
list of Styles. As the list of Styles is in
alphabetical order, we can press the letter c, and
we will be positioned at the beginning of the c
section. Up or down arrow if required to reach
the Style required, and press Enter.
If you now examine your document, you should see
the Beginning and Ending Style embracing your
selected text.
---------------
I'll deal with manually inserting and amending in
a later message, and again, apologies for the
error and omission.
George.
+++
I want to try and explain Codes and Styles.
However, I must absolutely stress that what is
below is principally for the new 10.5, although it
should give you all an insight into what they are.
Experienced DBT users will spot the obvious
changes in 10.5 as the third and fourth questions
below are answered.
I would also stress that the principles here are
specifically NOT exclusive to DBT. They are used
in every popular Word Processor produced today -
only the terms and how things are applied may
differ slightly.
What is a Code?
A Code is actually a special instruction which
tells DBT to do something specific, usually at or
just after the point at which the Code is placed
in the text. A Code can be something as simple as
telling DBT to go onto a new line, skip a line, or
quite complex such as where and how page numbering
is to appear in our document. There are over 100
codes in DBT, but in the majority of cases, we may
only need to use a small number of them in any one
document - if at all.
What is a Style?
A Style is nothing more than two groups of one or
more Codes, which in turn appear at the beginning
of a section of text, and also at the end of a
section of text. Styles are especially useful if
you need to perform two or more actions on text
which would require the use of a number of Codes.
Remember also that Braille differs in many ways
from print, and indeed differs in some very
special ways.
An example of a Style is one of DBT's Headings.
Here we might begin with a Code which tells us
that the lines of our heading must be kept
together on one page. We might then want to start
centering the text.
Finally, we might want to tell the braille reader
that the text is on a bold font.
Having begun the Style, we must also say where it
ends. Consequently in our example above, a series
of codes effectively says, "Stop keeping lines on
one page, stop centering the text, and tell the
reader that it is no longer in bold."
Are all Styles the same kind?
No. There are basically two kinds of Style.
The first is called a "Paragraph Style", aptly
named because it applies to an entire paragraph.
But don't be fooled, even one line is technically
a paragraph, such as a Heading for example,
provided it ends with a carriage return or new
line code of some kind.
The second is called a "Character Style", though
you will often hear people refer to this as a
"Linear" or "In-Line" Style. This is where a
Style is applied to Text within a paragraph. An
example of this is where we might have an e-mail
or web address which in many countries is
translated using Computer Braille, which in turn
has its own special rules. The DBT Style called
"compinline" (without the quotes) is therefore
often applied to e-mail or web addresses.
How do I tell the difference between the two kinds
of Style in DBT?
Styles whose name ends with a period, or full
stop, are Paragraph Styles. Those which do NOT
end with a period are Character Styles.
(Screen reader users beware!]
How can we view Codes and Styles?
Normally you do not see these Codes or Styles when
you are editing text in DBT because they are
usually hidden. We can however view codes in
DBT's editing screen in one of two ways. The long
way is to open the "View" menu, and select "Codes"
from the list. If viewing codes is turned on, you
will see a tick against the "Codes" menu item.
This is what is called a "toggle" operation, so if
you select Codes again when it is ticked, they
will be turned off.
The short way is to hold down the Alt key, and
press the F3 key once to turn Codes on. Again,
this is a "toggle" command, so pressing Alt + F3
will turn them off.
When you turn Codes on, you will see additional
text appear which will be enclosed in either
greater than or less than signs like these < >, or
square brackets like these [ ].
How can I tell the difference between a Code and a
Style?
A Code is enclosed in Square Brackets, for example
[sk1] which tells DBT to Skip one line.
A Style is enclosed between greater than and less
than signs, and there is also a Beginning Style
and an Ending Style. For example, <h1.>My
Heading</h2.> (Those who are familiar with the
Code behind web pages will recognise the
similarity.)
How do I enter a Code into my text?
First, make sure that your cursor, or insertion
pointer, is located where you wish to insert your
Code. You now have two ways to insert the Code.
The long way is via the Layout Menu, then select
the Code Group such as say, "Line Codes", and
finally perhaps the "Skip Line" code.
Note while you are looking at the menu here that
where there is a keyboard command, it is listed
beside the name, eg, Skip Line ...
Ctrl-k. The short way in this instance (but not
all cases) is therefore to use the keyboard
command Ctrl + k.
How do I apply a Style to my text?
Remember that there are two kinds of Style, and so
the Style must be applied slightly differently.
A Paragraph Style applies to an entire paragraph.
We can therefore simply place our cursor anywhere
inside the paragraph. To apply a Style the long
way, open the Layout Menu, choose Apply Style, and
then navigate through the list of Styles to say
"h1.", which is equivalent to Heading 1 in Word
for Windows and press return. The short way is to
press the F8 key, which immediately brings up the
list of Styles. As the list of Styles is in
alphabetical order, we can press the letter h, and
we will be positioned at the beginning of h
section. Up or down arrow if required to reach
the Style required, and press Enter.
A Character Style applies to a section of text
within a paragraph. Let us suppose for this
example, we want to apply the "compinline"
(computer
braille) Style to an e-mail address. Before we
can apply the Style, we need to highlight the text
to which that Style will be applied. [see
highlighting text elsewhere for instructions]
Having highlighted the text, the long way is to
open the Layout Menu, choose Apply Style, and then
navigate through the list of Styles to say
"compinline" and press Enter. The short way is to
press the F8 key, which immediately brings up the
list of Styles. As the list of Styles is in
alphabetical order, we can press the letter c, and
we will be positioned at the beginning of the c
section. Up or down arrow if required to reach
the Style required, and press Enter.
If you now examine your document, you should see
the Beginning and Ending Style embracing your
selected text.
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