----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Monday, January 24,
2022, 02:27:34 AM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2022-01-24, twelve papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2022‒01‒24
twelve papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- Forced Displacement and Human Capital: Evidence fromSeparated Siblings
ByGiorgio Chiovelli;Stelios Michalopoulos;EliasPapaioannou;SandraSequeira
- Dreaming of Leaving the Nest? Immigration Status and theLiving
Arrangements of DACAmented ByGihleb,Rania;Giuntella, Osea;Lonsky,Jakub
- Marriage before children?. First family formation among thechildren of
immigrants in Norway ByJennifer A. Holland;Kenneth Aa. Wiik
- Mobile Internet Access and the Desire to Emigrate ByJoop Age Harm
Adema;CevatGiray Aksoy;PanuPoutvaara
- Emigration Intentions and Risk Aversion: Causal Evidencefrom Albania
ByMichelBeine;GaryCharness;ArnaudDupuy
- Information, Intermediaries, and International
MigrationBySamuelBazzi;LisaCameron;Simone G. Schaner;FirmanWitoelar
- Rethinking Border Enforcement, Permanent and CircularMigration
ByBasu,Arnab K.;Chau,Nancy H.;Park,Brian
- Does economic self-interest determine public attitudestoward immigrants?
An econometric case study in Japan ByShingoTakahashi;AnaMaria Takahashi
- Finding the instrumental variables of householdregistration: A discussion
of the impact of China's household registrationsystem on the citizenship of the
migrant population ByJingwenTan;ShixiKang
- African migrants plight in China: Afrophobia impedesChina's race for
Africa's resources and markets ByKohnert,Dirk
- Do remittances spur economic growth in Africa? ByTaiwo,Kayode
- Locked up? The development and internal migration nexus inColombia
ByKarinaAcosta;HengyuGu
- Forced Displacementand Human Capital: Evidence from Separated Siblings
| By: | Giorgio Chiovelli;Stelios
Michalopoulos;EliasPapaioannou;SandraSequeira |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of conflict-driven displacement on
human capital. Wefocus on the Mozambican civil war (1977–1992), during which
more than fourmillion civilians fled to the countryside, cities, and refugee
camps andsettlements in neighboring countries. We leverage the full post-war
census tocompare siblings separated during the war, using those who stayed
behind as acounterfactual to one’s displacement path. Uprooted children
register higherinvestments in education. Second, we quantify the relative
importance ofplace-based and displacement effects. The latter increases
education anddecreases attachment to agriculture by the same rate as being
exposed to anenvironment approximately one standard deviation more developed
than one’sbirthplace. Third, we conduct a survey in Nampula, whose population
doubledduring the civil war. Those who fled to the city have significantly
highereducation than their siblings who remained in the countryside and
theyconverged to the levels of schooling of non-mover urban-born
individuals.However, those displaced exhibit significantly lower social/civic
capital andhave worse mental health, even three decades after the war. These
findingsreveal that displacement shocks can trigger human capital
investments,breaking links with subsistence agriculture, but at the cost of
long-lasting,social, and psychological traumas. |
| JEL: | J10 J15 J20 O1 O15 O18 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29589&r=&r=mig ;|
- Dreaming of Leavingthe Nest? Immigration Status and the Living
Arrangements of DACAmented
| By: | Gihleb,Rania (University of Pittsburgh);Giuntella, Osea
(University of Pittsburgh);Lonsky,Jakub (University of Liverpool) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the effects of the Deferred
Action for ChildhoodArrivals (DACA) on the living arrangements and housing
behavior ofundocumented immigrants in the U.S. Using an event-study approach
anddifference-in-differences (DID) estimates, we compare immigrants above
andbelow eligibility cutoffs and demonstrate that after the adoption of
thepolicy in June 2012, DACA-eligible immigrants were less likely to live
withtheir parents or in multigenerational households (-11%) and more likely
tolive independently (+15.5%). We also reveal that DACA-eligible immigrants
wereless likely to live in the same house (+2%) and more likely to move out
ofethnic enclaves (-3%). Lower rental costs (-4.5%) may have facilitated
thistransition into adulthood and the observed trends in living arrangements.
DACAalso led to a decline in marriage rates among DACA-eligible individuals,
whilewe found no evidence of significant effects on cohabitation, divorce,
andintermarriage. We also found no evidence of a clear impact onfertility. |
| Keywords: | immigration status, DACA, living arrangements, rental
markets |
| JEL: | J1 J23J24 R2 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14887&r=&r=mig ;|
- Marriage beforechildren?. First family formation among the children of
immigrants inNorway
| By: | Jennifer A. Holland;Kenneth Aa. Wiik (Statistics Norway) |
| Abstract: | Differences in the timing and pathway into family life
provide insights intothe social distance between majority and
immigrant-background groups.Increasing similarity in these processes across
immigrant generations mayindicate blurring of group distinctions. We situate
our study in Norway, acountry on the forefront of family change with an
increasingly diversepopulation. Using administrative register data and
discrete-time event historymodels, we demonstrate differential timings and
propensities to form familiesvia marriage or a nonmarital first birth among the
majority population and thechildren of immigrants from ten countries of
(parental) origin in Europe, theMiddle East, East Africa, South Asia,
South-East Asia and Latin America.Results demonstrated a generational shift
toward the Nordic late marriagepattern among women and men originating from
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo,Somalia, Sri Lanka, Iraq, Iran and Vietnam and men
with origins in Turkey. Wefind limited evidence of generational shifts in the
propensity to form afamily via a nonmarital first birth, however, in some
context, those who formfamilies via this pathway also follow the majority
timing pattern, regardlessof background or generation. Findings suggest that
jointly investigating thetiming of family formation and distinct pathways into
family life provides newinsights into the gradations in and the context of
adaptation and diminishingsocial distance between groups in diverse societies. |
| Keywords: | Children of immigrants; Second generation; Family
formation; Marriage;Parenthood; Norway |
| JEL: | J10 J12J15 Y8 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:973&r=&r=mig ;|
- Mobile Internet Accessand the Desire to Emigrate
| By: | Joop Age Harm Adema;CevatGiray Aksoy;PanuPoutvaara |
| Abstract: | How does mobile internet access affect the desire to
emigrate and migrationplans? To answer this question, we combine survey data on
more than 600,000individuals from 110 countries with data on worldwide 3G
mobile internetrollout. We show that an increase in mobile internet access
increases desireto emigrate. This effect is particularly strong for
higher-income individualsin low-income countries. We identify three potential
mechanisms. Access to themobile internet lowers the cost of acquiring
information and leads to a dropin perceived material well-being and trust in
government. Usingmunicipal-level data from Spain, we also document that 3G
rollout increasedactual migration flows. |
| Keywords: | Gender pay gap, university student employment, job types
|
| JEL: | F22 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ifowps:_365&r=&r=mig ;|
- Emigration Intentionsand Risk Aversion: Causal Evidence from Albania
| By: | MichelBeine;GaryCharness;ArnaudDupuy |
| Abstract: | Estimating the impact of risk aversion on emigration at
the individual levelis complicated by selection issues. In this paper, we use
original data fromAlbania on mobility intentions and elicited risk aversion to
provide causalestimates on this relationship. Our identification strategy
relies on theoccurrence of two earthquakes during data collection that
unambiguously led toupward shifts in risk aversion as shown in a companion
paper (Beine et al.,2021). While OLS estimates fail to capture a (negative)
relationship betweenrisk aversion and emigration intention, a Control Function
strategy using thetwo earthquakes as instruments uncovers such a relationship.
We argue that ourresults highlight a new channel through which risk preferences
explain thetrapped population phenomenon documented in the climate change and
migrationliterature. |
| Keywords: | emigration, risk aversion, earthquakes, trapped
populationphenomenon |
| JEL: | F22 O15P16 O57 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9484&r=&r=mig ;|
- Information,Intermediaries, and International Migration
| By: | SamuelBazzi;LisaCameron;Simone G. Schaner;FirmanWitoelar |
| Abstract: | Job seekers often face substantial information frictions
related topotentialjob quality. This is especially true in international labor
markets, whereintermediaries match prospective migrants with employers abroad.
We conducteda randomized trial in Indonesia to explore how information about
intermediaryquality shapes migration choices and outcomes. Information reduces
themigration rate, lowering use of low-quality intermediaries. However,
workerswho migrate receive better pre-departure preparation and have
higher-qualityjob experiences abroad, despite no change in occupation or
destination.Information does not change intentions to migrate or beliefs about
the returnto migration or intermediary quality. Nor does selection explain the
improvedoutcomes for workers who choose to migrate with the information.
Together, ourfindings are consistent with an increase in the option value of
search: withbetter ability to differentiate offer quality, workers become
choosier andultimately have better migration experiences. This offers a new
perspective onthe importance of information and matching frictions in global
labormarkets. |
| JEL: | D83 F22L15 O15 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29588&r=&r=mig ;|
- Rethinking BorderEnforcement, Permanent and Circular Migration
| By: | Basu,Arnab K. (Cornell University);Chau,Nancy H. (Cornell
University);Park,Brian (Cornell University) |
| Abstract: | Canonical models of migration feature border enforcement
as a strategy tocontain undocumented immigration by effectively exacting a
mobility cost. Thispaper revisits the role of border enforcement policy in a
task-based model ofthe labor market where employers simultaneously hire
circular migrants to taketemporary tasks at low wages, in addition to permanent
and native workers whoperform complementary tasks at the efficiency wage. We
show that stricterborder enforcement is effectively a tax on temporary
employment, and as suchit incentivizes the reallocation of work along the task
spectrum.Employers’dependence on low-wage transient work force diminishes,
while more migrantsprefer permanent migration, with labor market tightness
consequences thatfavor both native and migrant workers. We explore the
empirical implication ofthis finding, by investigating the pattern of spousal
reunion among Mexicanagricultural workers in the United States subsequent to
major borderenforcement reforms in the 1990’s. |
| Keywords: | labor shortages, family migration, circular migration,
borderenforcement |
| JEL: | F22 J61J68 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14867&r=&r=mig ;|
- Does economicself-interest determine public attitudes toward immigrants?
An econometric casestudy in Japan
| By: | ShingoTakahashi (Graduate School of Humanities and Social
Sciences, HiroshimaUniversity);AnaMaria Takahashi (Kyoto University of Foreign
Studies, Department of GlobalStudies, Faculty of Global Engagement / Research
Fellow, Graduate School ofEconomics, Kobe University) |
| Abstract: | We examine two economic self-interest hypotheses of the
determinants ofpublicattitudes towards immigrants: (1) labor market hypothesis,
which states thatthe employment and wage impacts of immigration determine
public attitudes and(2) the welfare state hypoth- esis, which states that
natives negativelyperceive immigrants for fear of straining the country’s
welfare budget.Thefirst hypothesis predicts that natives’ education will af-
fectpro-immigrant attitudes more positively when the immigrants are
fromlower-income countries. The second hypothesis predicts that
natives’incomewill affect the pro-immigrant attitudes more negatively when
the immigrantsare from lower-income countries. We use the Japanese General
Social Survey,which asks respondents’ tolerance toward immigrants from
differentcountries, allowing us to remove the unobserved individual
characteristics ina fixed effect estimation. Our results show no difference in
education andincome effects on pro-immigrant attitudes regardless of whether
immigrants arefrom high- or low-income countries. We conclude that economic
self-interestsdo not explain Japanese public attitudes towards immigrants. We
discuss policyimplications on how to improve public attitudes to- wards
immigrants. |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koe:wpaper:2201&r=&r=mig ;|
- Finding theinstrumental variables of household registration: A discussion
of the impact ofChina's household registration system on the citizenship of the
migrantpopulation
| By: | JingwenTan;ShixiKang |
| Abstract: | Due to the specificity of China's dualistic household
registration systemandthe differences in the rights and interests attached to
it, householdregistration is prevalent as a control variable in the empirical
evidence. Inthe context of family planning policies, this paper proposes to use
familysize and number of children as instrumental variables for
householdregistration, and discusses qualitatively and statistically verifies
theirrelevance and exogeneity, while empirically analyzing the impact of
thehousehold registration system on citizenship of the mobile population.
Aftercontrolling for city, individual control variables and fixed effects,
thefollowing conclusions are drawn: family size and number of children pass
theover-identification test when used as instrumental variables for
householdregistration; non-agricultural households have about 20.2\% lower
settlementintentions and 7.28\% lower employment levels in inflow cities
thanagricultural households; the mechanism of the effect of the nature
ofhousehold registration on employment still holds for the non-mobile
populationgroup. |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2112.07268&r=&r=mig ;|
- African migrantsplight in China: Afrophobia impedes China's race for
Africa's resources andmarkets
| By: | Kohnert,Dirk |
| Abstract: | The social fabric of the migrant’s host country largely
embodies majortraitsof the exclusion of ‘strangers’. The latter often focus on
ethnicity, race,religion, sexual orientation and gender. This applies also to
the Afrophobiawhich spreads in contempory China. Thus, current news focused on
the evictionof African migrants from apartments and hotels in China. Actually,
anestimated 500.000 Africans live in China. The Corona pandemic aggravated
theirsituation. The scarcity of Chines immigration assistance posed a challenge
forAfricans looking to secure residence permits, renew visas, or amend
theirstatus in other ways. They had to rely on informal or illicit networks
toremain in the country. The African Union, various African governments and
eventhe United States put pressure on Beijing over the ill-treatment of
migrants,predominantly from Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. Shortly before,
fiveNigerians had been reportedly tested positive for Covid-19 in Guangzhou,
themetropolis where most Africans live and work, nicknamed ‘Little
Africa’.Thesereports seem to be what has sparked the current wave of suspicion
andanti-foreigner sentiment. Many African students and other migrants had
leftChina already at the start of the outbreak. The remaing got stranded
andchased around. Yet, even Chinese state media admitted that
non-Africanforeigners like Americans and Filipinos, who accounted for more than
half offoreigners living in Guangzhou who had the virus, were not singled out
asscapegoats. However, racist attacks on Africans in China had a depressing
longtradition, related to the expansion of bilateral petty trade of Chinese
inSub-Sahara Africa since the early 2000s and the subsequent influx of
Africantraders in China. Already in 2008 African migrants had blocked a major
streetin Guangzhou protesting against the death of a Nigerian in an
immigrationraid. |
| Keywords: | China, Africa, international migration, xenophobia,
Afrophobia, racism,political violence, Afro-China relations, informal sector,
illegal immigration,forced migration, slave-trade, minorities, remittances |
| JEL: | F16 F22 F24 F51 F54 I24 I31 J46 J61 N15 N35O15 O17 O35 Z13 |
| Date: | 2022–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111346&r=&r=mig ;|
- Do remittances spureconomic growth in Africa?
| By: | Taiwo,Kayode |
| Abstract: | Remittance flows to developing countries are now triple
official developmentassistance and larger than foreign direct investment. The
surge in remittancesnow occupies important position in development equation as
remittances areseen as cheap resources for development. African governments are
no exceptionamong developing nations chasing remittances. Policymakers are
making effortsto attract remittances to provide needed resources for
economictransformation. In this study, an attempt is made to explore the impact
ofremittance flows on economic growth in Africa, considering efforts
atattracting remittances. The impact of remittances is estimated using
staticand dynamic panel methods with data spanning 1975 to 2015. The study
findsthat remittances do not have an impact on economic growth in Africa.
Thisconclusion is hinged on measurement issues, internal conditions, labour
marketimplications, and the effect of remittances on tradable sectors. |
| Keywords: | Migration, Remittances, Economic growth, Panel data,
Africa |
| JEL: | C33 F22F43 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111029&r=&r=mig ;|
- Locked up? Thedevelopment and internal migration nexus in Colombia
| By: | KarinaAcosta;HengyuGu |
| Abstract: | Although a sizable number of studies have been exploring
the migrationdevelopment nexus in international settings, there is still a
reduced numberon internal contexts in recent years. This research aims to
estimate thecausal effect of origin economic conditions on internal population
migrationusing a time series of the Colombian states between 2012 and 2019.
Thisanalysis provides a macro perspective of associations and causation
betweenpopulation dynamics and development in the current changes observed
usingspatial interaction models. Likewise, it analyses the current portray
ofinternal migration in Colombia (defined by five-years and one-year flows).
Theevidence shows that the migration hump depends on the scale at which it
isanalyzed. At an aggregated scale, initial economic conditions are
negativelyassociated with migration until a threshold where this relationship
isreversed. The opposite is observed in the rural migrants subsample.
****RESUMEN: Aunque un número considerable de estudios ha estado explorando
elnexo entre la migración y el desarrollo en entornos internacionales,
todavíahay un número reducido de estos estudios en contextos internos en los
últimosaños. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal estimar el
efectocausal de las condiciones económicas de origen sobre la migración interna
dela población colombiana utilizando una serie de tiempo de departamentos
entre2012 y 2019. Este análisis proporciona una perspectiva macro de
asociaciones ycausalidad entre la dinámica poblacional y el desarrollo en el
país utilizandomodelos de interacción espacial. Asimismo, analiza el retrato
actual de losmigrantes internos en Colombia (definida por flujos de cinco y un
año). Laevidencia en este caso específico muestra que la llamada U invertida de
lamigración depende de la escala utilizada. Por departamentos agregados,
lascondiciones económicas iniciales se asocian negativamente con la
migraciónhasta un umbral en el que esta relación se invierte. Un comportamiento
inversose encuentra en la submuestra de migrantes rurales. |
| Keywords: | Internal migration, development, migration hump, spatial
interaction models,Colombia, migración interna, desarrollo, curva de migración,
modelos deinteracción espacial, Colombia. |
| JEL: | O15 O1C21 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:region:304&r=&r=mig ;|
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