----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Monday, January 3,
2022, 07:14:07 PM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2022-01-03, nine papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2022‒01‒03
nine papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- "Intergenerational Assimilation of Minorities: The Role ofthe Majority
Group" ByRyo Itoh;YasuhiroSato;YvesZenou
- Scared Straight? Threat and Assimilation of Refugees inGermany
ByJaschkePhilipp;SulinSardoschau;MarcoTabellini
- The Labor Market Integration of Syrian Refugees inTurkey
ByMuratDemirci;Murat Guray Kirdar
- Firm productivity and immigrant-native earningsdisparity
ByOlofÅslund;CristinaBratu;Stefano Lombardi;AnnaThoresson
- Housing Support Policies and Refugees' Labor MarketIntegration in Austria
ByFannyDellinger
- Network Analysis of the Determinants of Attitudes towardsImmigrants across
Regions ByRachael Kei KAWASAKI;IKEDAYuichi
- Micromotives and macromoves : Political preferences andinternal migration
in England and Wales ByEfthyvoulou, Georgios;Bove,Vincenzo;Pickard,Harry
- Effects of Wildfire Destruction on Migration, ConsumerCredit, and
Financial Distress ByJenniferBalch;Katherine Curtis;JackDeWaard;Elizabeth
Fussell;Kathryn McConnell;KobiePrice;Lise St.Denis;Stephan Whitaker
- The resilience of students with an immigrant background: Anupdate with
PISA 2018 ByLucieCerna;Ottavia Brussino;Cecilia Mezzanotte
- "IntergenerationalAssimilation of Minorities: The Role of the Majority
Group"
| By: | Ryo Itoh(Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku
University);YasuhiroSato (Faculty of Economics, The University of
Tokyo);YvesZenou (Department of Economics, Monash University) |
| Abstract: | We develop a dynamic model of assimilation of ethnic
minorities that positsatradeoff between higher productivity and wages and
greater social distance tothe culture of origin. We also highlight the
importance of the assimilation ofthe past generation and the role of the
majority group in the assimilation ofethnic minorities. First, there is an
inverted U−shaped relationshipbetweenthe degree of tolerance of the majority
individuals and the average level ofassimilation in the society. Second, more
tolerance from the majority groupgenerates positive externalities for the
minority group, while eachminority’s individual assimilation effort affects
the welfare of themajority individuals differently depending on the initial
minorityassimilation level. Finally, the more the majority individuals are
toleranttoward the minority group, the more the minority individuals will
assimilateto the majority group, while the reverse is not always true. In fact,
whenthere is too much assimilation, the majority group may reduce its degree
oftolerance toward the majority group. |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2021cf1181&r=&r=mig ;|
- Scared Straight? Threatand Assimilation of Refugees in Germany
| By: | JaschkePhilipp (Philipp Jaschke);SulinSardoschau (Sulin
Sardoschau);MarcoTabellini (Marco Tabellini) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the effects of threat on convergence
to local culture andon economic assimilation of refugees, exploiting plausibly
exogenous variationin their allocation across German regions between 2013 and
2016. We combinenovel survey data on cultural preferences and economic outcomes
of refugeeswith corresponding information on locals, and construct a threat
index thatintegrates contemporaneous and historical variables. On average,
refugeesassimilate both culturally and economically. However, while refugees
assignedto more hostile regions converge to local culture more quickly, they do
notexhibit faster economic assimilation. We provide evidence consistent with
thehypothesis that refugees exert more assimilation effort in response to
localthreat, but fail to successfully integrate because of higher
discrimination bylocals in more hostile regions. |
| Keywords: | Migration, refugees, culture, assimilation, identity |
| JEL: | F22 J15Z10 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:2136&r=&r=mig ;|
- The Labor MarketIntegration of Syrian Refugees in Turkey
| By: | MuratDemirci (Department of Economics, Koç University);Murat
Guray Kirdar (Department of Economics, BoğaziçiUniversity) |
| Abstract: | Turkey hosts the largest population of refugees
globally; however, we knowlittle about their labor market outcomes at the
national level. We use the2018 round of the Turkey Demographic and Health
Survey, which includes arepresentative sample of Syrian refugees in Turkey for
the first time, toexamine a rich set of labor market outcomes. We find that the
native-refugeegap in men’s employment in Turkey (in favor of natives) is much
smaller thanthat reported for most developed countries. Moreover, men’s
employment peaksquite early (one year) after arrival and remains there, whereas
women’semployment is lower to begin with and changes little over time. Once
weaccount for demographic and educational differences, the native-refugee gap
inmen’s (women’s) paid employment reduces to 4.7 (4.0) percentage points
(pp).These small gaps conceal the fact that refugees’ formal employment is
muchlower. Even after accounting for the covariates, refugee men’s
formalemployment rate is 58 pp lower. In addition, the native-refugee gap is
thesmallest in manufacturing for men and in agriculture for women, and the gap
isalso much smaller in wage-employment than self-employment and unpaid
familywork for both genders. Young refugees are more likely to work than
natives,whereas the gap favors natives among the prime-age working people.
Moreover,the native-refugee gap in employment widens for more educated
refugees.Finally, accounting for the differences in covariates, the
native-refugee gapin men’s employment vanishes for Turkish-speaking refugees
but persists forArabic- and Kurdish-speaking refugees. |
| Keywords: | Syrian refugees, labor market integration, employment,
Turkey. |
| JEL: | J61 F22J21 O15 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koc:wpaper:2124&r=&r=mig ;|
- Firm productivity andimmigrant-native earnings disparity
| By: | OlofÅslund (Olof Åslund);CristinaBratu (Cristina
Bratu);Stefano Lombardi (Stefano Lombardi);AnnaThoresson (Anna Thoresson) |
| Abstract: | We study the role of firm productivity in explaining
earnings disparitiesbetween immigrants and natives using population-wide
matched employer-employeedata from Sweden. We find substantial earnings returns
to working in firmswith higher persistent productivity, with greater gains for
immigrants fromnon-Western countries. Moreover, the pass-through of within-firm
productivityvariation to earnings is stronger for immigrants in
low-productive,immigrant-dense firms. But immi grant workers are
underrepresented inhigh-productive firms and less likely to move up the
productivitydistribution. Thus, sorting into less productive firms decreases
earnings inpoor-performing immigrant groups that would gain the most from
working inhigh-productive firms |
| Keywords: | Firm productivity; Immigrant-native earnings gaps; Wage
inequality |
| JEL: | J15 J31J62 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:2137&r=&r=mig ;|
- Housing SupportPolicies and Refugees' Labor Market Integration in Austria
| By: | FannyDellinger |
| Abstract: | Housing support is an important lever for promoting
integration objectiveswith huge potential to improve refugees' early employment
outcomes. Thismixed-methods study is based on Austrian register data and
interviews with NGOand government representatives. In Austria, asylum seekers
are quasi-randomlyassigned to federal states (Bundesländer). There, monetary
assistance issimilar for asylees but only some states offer further support
with thehousing search process. This study assesses the impact of housing
support onrefugees' location choice and early employment outcomes by comparing
twogroups of refugee men: singles and those with families. If housing support
islimited, scarce resources are directed to the most vulnerable and single
menare often left out. This makes them more likely to leave an assigned state
andfind shelter with the ethnic community. Whereas in states with strong
housingsupport single men and families show roughly equal propensities
toout-migrate, if support is low 63% of single men but only 35% of
familiesleave. In the first year, employment rates of single men assigned to
lowhousing support states are estimated to be 6 percentage points lower due to
alack of housing support. |
| Keywords: | Labor Market Integration of Refugees, Housing entry
pathways, host countryinstitutions, Austria |
| JEL: | J61 J68I38 H73 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inn:wpaper:2021-32&r=&r=mig ;|
- Network Analysis ofthe Determinants of Attitudes towards Immigrants across
Regions
| By: | Rachael Kei KAWASAKI;IKEDAYuichi |
| Abstract: | Widespread anti-immigrant sentiment during the COVID-19
pandemic has shownthat attitudes towards immigrants are a pertinent issue for
policymakersaiming to create effective immigration and integration policy.
However,previous research has mainly focused on European and a select group
ofAnglophone countries, like the United States, Canada, the UK. As a
result,policymakers outside of these contexts may find this research
inapplicable totheir context. This study analyzes regional differences in the
determinants ofattitudes towards immigrants in over 50 countries by employing
four signed andweighted bipartite networks of large regions of countries
connected throughmigration. Using data from Wave 6 of the World Values Survey,
four bipartitenetworks of countries and determinants of attitudes towards
immigrants areconstructed and projected into one-mode networks: one of the
countries and oneof the attitudes, beliefs, and values which influence
attitudes, or"features." Community analysis detects which features are
correlated indetermining attitudes, allowing for the reduction of hundreds of
features tokey determinants of attitudes in a region. The study finds that
prejudicestowards out-groups, especially racial prejudice, are important
determinantsirrespective of region and can be considered a generalizable
determinant ofattitudes towards immigrants. Moreover, analysis of racial
prejudice's linkswith other determinants and its subcommunity structure finds
that intergroupconflict theory is influential in the Eastern Europe/Central
Asia and WesternEurope/North Africa networks, while neither social identity
theory norintergroup conflict theory are present in the Africa, Americas, or
Asianetworks. Results are mixed in the Middle East and Southeast Asia
networks.Finally, values-based attitudes, such as the importance a person puts
onfairness or benevolence, are more prominent in networks containing
Europeancountries, while they are not in other regions. This finding suggests
thatvalues-based communications on migration, which are often considered
bestpractice, may not be effective in other regions, and highlights the need
forgreater research into cultural differences in the determinants ofattitudes. |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:21097&r=&r=mig ;|
- Micromotives andmacromoves : Political preferences and internal migration
in England andWales
| By: | Efthyvoulou, Georgios (University of Sheffield);Bove,Vincenzo
(University of Warwick, Department of Politics and InternationalStudies and
CAGE);Pickard,Harry (Newcastle University Business School) |
| Abstract: | When people migrate internally, do they tend to move to
locations thatreflecttheir political preferences? To address this question, we
first compile aunique panel dataset on the universe of population movements in
England andWales across 346 local authority districts over the period
2002-2015, andestimate a gravity model of internal migration. We show that
proximity inpartisan composition exerts an important positive effect on
migration flows,which is of a similar order of magnitude as wage differentials
or ethnicproximity. We then use individual surveybased data over the same time
periodto investigate some of the micro-foundations underlying the macromoves.
Wefind that political alignment to the district of residence contributes
toindividuals' sense of belonging and fitting in consistent with the
existenceof a political homophily mechanism and that a migrant's political
ideology canpredict the partisanship of the destination district. |
| Keywords: | Internal migration ; Residential mobility ;
Neighbourhood preference ;Polarization ; Political sorting ; Gravity models |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1389&r=&r=mig ;|
- Effects of WildfireDestruction on Migration, Consumer Credit, and
Financial Distress
| By: | JenniferBalch;Katherine Curtis;JackDeWaard;Elizabeth
Fussell;Kathryn McConnell;KobiePrice;Lise St.Denis;Stephan Whitaker |
| Abstract: | The scale of wildfire destruction has grown
exponentially in recent years,destroying nearly 25,000 buildings in the United
States during 2018 alone.However, there is still limited research exploring how
wildfires affectmigration patterns and household finances. In this study, we
evaluate theeffects of wildfire destruction on in-migration and out-migration
probabilityat the Census tract level in the United States from 1999 to 2018. We
thenshift to the individual level and examine changes in homeownership,
consumercredit usage, and financial distress among people whose neighborhood
suffereddamaging fires. We pair quarterly observations from the Federal Reserve
Bankof New York/Equifax Consumer Credit Panel with building destruction
countsfrom the US National Incident Management System/Incident Command
Systemdatabase of wildfire events. Our findings show significantly
heightenedout-migration probability among tracts that experienced the most
destructivewildfires, but no effect on in-migration probability. Among the
consumercredit measures, we find a significant drop in homeownership among
thosetreated by major fires. This is concentrated in people over the age of
60.Measures of credit distress, including delinquencies, bankruptcies,
andforeclosures, improve rather than deteriorate after the fire, but the
changesare not statistically significant. While wildfire effects on migration
andborrowing are measurable, they are not yet as large as those
observedfollowing other natural disasters such as hurricanes. |
| Keywords: | Wildfire; Migration; Consumer Credit |
| JEL: | D12 Q54R23 |
| Date: | 2021–12–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedcwq:93562&r=&r=mig ;|
- The resilience ofstudents with an immigrant background: An update with
PISA 2018
| By: | LucieCerna (OECD);Ottavia Brussino (OECD);Cecilia Mezzanotte
(OECD) |
| Abstract: | Education has a fundamental role in promoting the
integration of studentswithan immigrant background in host societies. It can
help them acquire skills toparticipate in the economy, promote their social and
emotional well-being andsupport their participation in the social and civic
life of their communities.However, there are challenges in ensuring good
outcomes for students with animmigrant background as, among others, they need
to overcome adversitiesrelated to displacement, socio-economic disadvantage and
language barriers.Building on the 2018 Report “The Resilience of Students with
an ImmigrantBackground: Factors that Shape Well-being” by the OECD Strength
throughDiversity project, this paper analyses the academic, socio‑emotional
andmotivational resilience of students with an immigrant background across
OECDcountries. It provides updated findings with data from the OECD’s Programme
ofInternational Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 and examines how outcomes
acrossdifferent student groups have changed in recent years. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:eduaab:261-en&r=&r=mig ;|
This nep-mig issue is ©2022 by Yuji Tamura. It is providedas is without any
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