----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Wednesday, April 15,
2020, 06:57:53 AM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2020-04-13, thirteen papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2020‒04‒13
thirteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- Do Processing Times Affect the Distribution of AsylumSeekers across
Europe? ByBertoli, Simone;Brücker, Herbert;Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Jesús
- South Australia’s Employment Relief Program for AssistedImmigrants:
Promises and Reality, 1838-1843 ByEdwynaHarris;SumnerLa Croix
- A matching model of the market for migrant smugglingservices
ByClaireNaiditch;RaduVranceanu
- Confronting climate change: Adaptation vs. migrationstrategies in Small
Island Developing States ByLeslyCassin;Paolo Melindi-Ghidi;FabienPrieur
- Rational Inattention and Migration Decisions ByBertoli,
Simone;Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Jesús;Guichard, Lucas
- Economic Incentives and the Quality of Return MigrantScholars: The Impact
of China's Thousand Young Talents Program ByJia,Ning;Fleisher, Belton M.
- Should Germany Have Built a New Wall? Macroeconomic Lessonsfrom the
2015-18 Refugee Wave ByChristopher Busch;DirkKrueger;Alexander
Ludwig;IrinaPopova;ZainabIftikhar
- Culture and Gender Allocation of Tasks: Source CountryCharacteristics and
the Division of Non-Market Work among US Immigrants ByFrancine D. Blau;Lawrence
M. Kahn;MatthewComey;AmandaEng;Pamela Meyerhofer;Alexander Willén
- The Economic Impact of Migrants from Hurricane Maria
ByPeri,Giovanni;Rury,Derek;Wiltshire, Justin C.
- Migration-prone and migration-averse places. Pathdependence in long-term
migration to the US ByAndrés Rodríguez-Pose;Viola von Berlepsch
- Migration Costs and Observational Returns to Migration inthe Developing
World ByDavidLagakos;SamuelMarshall;Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak;CoreyVernot;Michael
E. Waugh
- Labor Force Participation of Married Female Immigrants:Evidence from a Low
Female-LFPR Host Country ByLIU Yang;HAGIWARARisa
- Choosing Your Ethnicity: A Longitudinal Analysis of EthnicIdentity Choice
and Intra-Individual Ethnicity Change ByRademakers, Robbert;vanHoorn, Andre
- Do Processing TimesAffect the Distribution of Asylum Seekers across
Europe?
| By: | Bertoli, Simone (CERDI, University of Auvergne);Brücker,
Herbert (Institute for Employment Research (IAB),Nuremberg);Fernández-Huertas
Moraga, Jesús (Universidad Carlos III deMadrid) |
| Abstract: | More than 3 million asylum seekers arrived into Europe
between 2014 and2016,and we analyze the role of destination-specific policy
measures in shapingtheir location choices. We bring to the data a gravity
equation that reflectsthe uncertainty that asylum seekers face, concerning the
chances of obtainingrefugee protection, the processing time and the risk of
repatriation. Thesefactors shaped the distribution of asylum seekers, and
produced heterogeneouseffects across different origin countries. German efforts
to expand theirprocessing capacity produced a significant increase in
applications fromorigins with high recognition rates, which were mostly
diverted away fromSweden. |
| Keywords: | refugees, recognition rate, processing time, gravity
equations,migration |
| JEL: | F22K37 |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13018&r=mig ;|
- South Australia’sEmployment Relief Program for Assisted Immigrants:
Promises and Reality,1838-1843
| By: | EdwynaHarris (Monash University);SumnerLa Croix (University of
Hawaii) |
| Abstract: | Great Britain established the new colony of South
Australia (SA) in 1834.Theimmigration contract signed by assisted migrants
required the SA government toprovide those who could not find private sector
work with employment on publicworks. We use new data on the compensation of
unemployed and private-sectorworkers to examine how the SA unemployment system
functioned before and afterthe onset of a major economic crisis in August 1840.
We conclude that theunemployment system provided highly compensated relief
employment to a smallnumber of migrants prior to the crisis but as migrant
numbers claiming reliefemployment soared between August 1840 and October 1841,
the governmentdrastically cut compensation for relief employment. The cuts
occurred intandem with the government’s release of newly surveyed rural lands,
whichtogether provided incentives and opportunities for workers to move to
ruralareas to seek work on newly opened farms. A comparison of the SA
employmentrelief program with the 1843 temporary employment relief program
establishedin the neighboring colony of New South Wales (NSW) shows that the
NSW programneither established guarantees of jobs for assisted migrants unable
to findwork nor provided jobs for all assisted migrants without work during
the1843-1845 period. |
| Keywords: | relief, unemployed, South Australia, migrants, public
works |
| JEL: | J65 N37J38 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hai:wpaper:202007&r=mig ;|
- A matchingmodel of the market for migrant smuggling services
| By: | ClaireNaiditch (LEM - Lille économie management - LEM - UMR
9221 - Université deLille - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - CNRS -
Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique);RaduVranceanu (ESSEC Business
School - Essec Business School) |
| Abstract: | The important flows of irregular migration could not
exist without theemergence of a criminal market for smuggling services. A
matching model à laPissarides (2000) provides a well-suited framework to
analyze such a ow marketwith significant trade frictions. Our analysis
considers the competitivesegment of this underground market in which
small-business smugglers canfreely enter. The model allows us to determine the
equilibrium number ofsmugglers, the matching probability, the number of
successful irregularmigrants and, as an original concept, the equilibrium
migrant welfare. Changesin parameters can be related to the various policies
implemented bydestination countries to cut down irregular migration. |
| Keywords: | Migrant welfare,Smuggling,Irregular migration,Matching
model |
| Date: | 2020–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02463193&r=mig ;|
- Confrontingclimate change: Adaptation vs. migration strategies in Small
Island DevelopingStates
| By: | LeslyCassin (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS
- Centre Nationalde la Recherche Scientifique);Paolo Melindi-Ghidi (EconomiX -
UPN - Université ParisNanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, AMSE -Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des
hautes études ensciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM -
École Centrale deMarseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique);FabienPrieur (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement -
Montpellier - FRE2010- INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour
l’Agriculture, l’Alimentationet l’Environnement - Montpellier SupAgro -
Institut national d’étudessupérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - UM -
Université de Montpellier -CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)
|
| Abstract: | This paper examines the optimal adaptation policy of
Small Island DevelopingStates (SIDS) to cope with climate change. We build a
dynamic optimizationproblem to incorporate the following ingredients: (i) local
production useslabor and natural capital, which is degraded as a result of
climate change;(ii) governments have two main policy options: control migration
and/orconventional adaptation measures ; (iii) migration decisions drive
changes inthe population size; (iv) expatriates send remittances back home. We
show thatthe optimal policy depends on the interplay between the two policy
instrumentsthat can be either complements or substitutes depending on the
individualcharacteristics and initial conditions. Using a numerical analysis
based onthe calibration of the model for different SIDS, we identify that only
largeislands use the two tools from the beginning, while for the smaller
countries,there is a substitution between migration and conventional adaption
at theinitial period |
| Keywords: | SIDS,climate change,adaptation,migration,natural
capital. |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02515116&r=mig ;|
- Rational Inattentionand Migration Decisions
| By: | Bertoli, Simone (CERDI, University of
Auvergne);Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Jesús (Universidad Carlos III
deMadrid);Guichard, Lucas (Institute for Employment Research (IAB),Nuremberg) |
| Abstract: | Acquiring information about destinations can be costly
for migrants. Wemodelinformation frictions in the rational inattention
framework and obtain aclosed-form expression for a migration gravity equation
that we bring to thedata. The model predicts that ows from countries with a
higher cost ofinformation or stronger priors are less responsive to variations
in economicconditions at destination, as migrants rationally get less
information beforedeciding where to move. The econometric analysis reveals
systematicheterogeneity in the pro-cyclical behavior of migration flows across
originsthat is consistent with the existence of information frictions. |
| Keywords: | rational inattention, information, international
migration, gravityequation |
| JEL: | F22 D81D83 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13083&r=mig ;|
- Economic Incentivesand the Quality of Return Migrant Scholars: The Impact
of China's Thousand YoungTalents Program
| By: | Jia, Ning(Central University of Finance and
Economics);Fleisher, Belton M. (Ohio State University) |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of the Thousand Young Talents
Program (TYTP) on theacademic quality of return migrant scientists to China.
Using a unique datasetof the top Chinese mathematics departments' new hires, we
find that theprogram leads to considerable increases in measures of their
educationalbackground and research productivity. The effects are concentrated
in theelite C9 league, where the proportion of hires who received PhD degrees
fromtop-50 overseas mathematics departments increased nearly four times after
theinitiation of the program. The data also reveal large and
statisticallysignificant increases in weighted pre-hire publications and
weighted citationsto pre-hire publications under the program. However, it
appears that researchoutput of previously hired faculty members declined after
the introduction ofTYTP hires, suggesting minimal or even negative impact of
TYTP on facultycolleagues' academic achievements. |
| Keywords: | migration, scientific research, R&D policy |
| JEL: | J61 O31O38 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13073&r=mig ;|
- Should Germany HaveBuilt a New Wall? Macroeconomic Lessons from the
2015-18 Refugee Wave
| By: | Christopher Busch (Universitat Autonoma de
Barcelona);DirkKrueger (University of Pennsylvania);Alexander Ludwig (SAFE,
University of Mannheim);IrinaPopova (Goethe University
Frankfurt);ZainabIftikhar (Goethe University Frankfurt) |
| Abstract: | In 2015-2016 Germany experienced a wave of predominantly
low-skilled refugeeimmigration. We evaluate its macroeconomic and
distributional effects using aquantitative overlapping generations model
calibrated using German micro datato replicate education and productivity
differentials between foreign born andnative workers. Workers are modelled as
imperfect substitutes in aggregateproduction leading to endogenous wage
differentials. We simulate the dynamiceffects of this refugee wave, with
specific focus on the welfare impact on lowskilled natives. Our results
indicate that the small losses this group sufferscan be compensated by welfare
gains of other parts of the nativepopulation. |
| Keywords: | immigration, refugees, overlapping generations,
demographic change |
| JEL: | F22 E20H55 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hka:wpaper:2020-020&r=mig ;|
- Culture and GenderAllocation of Tasks: Source Country Characteristics and
the Division ofNon-Market Work among US Immigrants
| By: | Francine D. Blau;Lawrence M.
Kahn;MatthewComey;AmandaEng;Pamela Meyerhofer;Alexander Willén |
| Abstract: | There is a well-known gender difference in time
allocation within thehousehold, which has important implications for gender
differences in labormarket outcomes. We ask how malleable this gender
difference in timeallocation is to culture. In particular, we ask if US
immigrants allocatetasks differently depending upon the characteristics of the
source countriesfrom which they emigrated. Using data from the 2003-2017 waves
of the AmericanTime Use Survey (ATUS), we find that first-generation
immigrants, both womenand men, from source countries with more gender equality
(as measured by theWorld Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index) allocate
tasks more equally,while those from less gender equal source countries allocate
tasks moretraditionally. These results are robust to controls for immigration
cohort,years since migration, and other own and spouse characteristics. There
is alsosome indication of an effect of parent source country gender equality
forsecond-generation immigrants, particularly for second-generation men
withchildren. Our findings suggest that broader cultural factors do influence
thegender division of labor in the household. |
| Keywords: | Housework, childcare, gender, immigration, time
allocation |
| JEL: | J13 J15J16 J22 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1858&r=mig ;|
- The Economic Impactof Migrants from Hurricane Maria
| By: | Peri,Giovanni (University of California, Davis);Rury,Derek
(University of California, Davis);Wiltshire, Justin C. (University of
California, Davis) |
| Abstract: | Using a synthetic control estimation strategy we examine
the economic impactof a large inflow of people from Puerto Rico into Orlando in
the aftermath ofHurricane Maria, which devastated Puerto Rico in September
2017. We find thataggregate employment in Orlando increased as a result of the
inflow, as didemployment in the construction and retail sectors. We also find
positiveoverall employment effects on non-Hispanic and less-educated workers,
as wellas positive effects on compensation for those same subgroups in the
retailsector. In the construction sector – which absorbed the preponderance of
thismigrant labor supply shock – we find that earnings for non-Hispanic
andless-educated (workers likely to be natives) decreased by a modest
amount.These results together suggest that, while migrant inflows may have
smallnegative impacts on the earnings of likely-native workers in sectors
directlyexposed to the labor supply shock, employment and earnings of
likely-nativeworkers in other sectors are positively impacted, possibly by
increased localdemand. |
| Keywords: | migration, natural disasters, local economies |
| JEL: | F22 J15J21 J61 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13049&r=mig ;|
- Migration-prone andmigration-averse places. Path dependence in long-term
migration to theUS
| By: | Andrés Rodríguez-Pose;Viola von Berlepsch |
| Abstract: | Does past migration beget future migration? Do migrants
from differentbackgrounds, origins and ethnicities, and separated by several
generationsalways settle – in a path dependent way – in the same places?
Isthere apermanent separation between migration-prone and migration-averse
areas? Thispaper examines whether that is the case by looking at the settlement
patternsof two very different migration waves to the United States (US), that
ofEuropeans at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries and that of
LatinAmericans between the 1960s and the early 21st century. Using Census
dataaggregated at county level, we track the settlement pattern of migrants
andassess the extent to which the first mass migration wave has determined
thelater settlement pattern of Latin American migrants. The analysis,
conductedusing ordinary least squares, instrumental variable and panel data
estimationtechniques, shows that past US migration patterns create a path
dependencethat has conditioned the geography of future migration waves. Recent
LatinAmerican migrants have flocked, once other factors are controlled for, to
thesame migration prone US counties where their European predecessors settled,
inspite of the very different nature of both migration waves and a time gap
ofthree to five generations. |
| Keywords: | migration, migration waves, long-term, Latin America,
Europe, counties,US |
| JEL: | F22 J15O15 R23 |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2022&r=mig ;|
- Migration Costs andObservational Returns to Migration in the Developing
World
| By: | DavidLagakos;SamuelMarshall;Ahmed Mushfiq
Mobarak;CoreyVernot;Michael E. Waugh |
| Abstract: | Recent studies find that observational returns to
rural-urban migration arenear zero in three developing countries. We revisit
this result using paneltracking surveys from six countries, finding higher
returns on average. Wethen interpret these returns in a multi-region Roy model
with heterogeneity inmigration costs. In the model, the observational return to
migration confoundsthe urban premium and the individual benefits of migrants,
and is not directlyinformative about the welfare gain from lowering migration
costs. Patterns ofregional heterogeneity in returns, and a comparison of
experimental toobservational returns, are consistent with the model’s
predictions. |
| JEL: | O11 O18R23 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26868&r=mig ;|
- Labor ForceParticipation of Married Female Immigrants: Evidence from a Low
Female-LFPR HostCountry
| By: | LIU Yang;HAGIWARARisa |
| Abstract: | The study provides novel evidence regarding labor force
participation rate(LFPR) of married female immigrants, by examining immigrants
who live in acomparatively low female-LFPR host country (Japan), which differs
fromprevious studies which concentrated on immigrants in comparatively
highfemale-LFPR host countries. First, the results indicate an important role
ofsource-country culture in determining their labor participation rate.
Inparticular, the two widely used proxies of culture, namely
country-averagesocial attitudes and LFPRs in source countries, significantly
affect the LFPRof female immigrants who have lived in Japan for five years or
more.Furthermore, both wife's and husband's source-country culture have
significantestimated effects on LFPR, with larger estimates for the wife's than
thehusband's). This not only supports previous findings on wife's culture in
highfemale LFPR host countries, but also provides new evidence on the effect
fromthe husband's source-country culture. Other significant influences on LFPR
oflong-term female migrants include education, husband's education level
andemployment, having young children, living with 85- year- or- older
familymembers, which are consistent with the theoretical model of labor
supply.Second, controlling for individual characteristics, the study finds
thatfemale immigrants' LFPR does not decrease compared with their first few
yearsin Japan, even though Japan has a lower female LFPR than their
sourcecountries. On the contrary, their LFPRs tend to increase above the levels
oftheir first few years in the country. The study explains it as a
largerpositive effect from economic assimilation (i.e., adapting to
economicopportunities and local labor markets), than the typical negative
effect fromcultural assimilation (i.e., influenced by negative attitudes
towards women'swork in the host country). |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:20019&r=mig ;|
- Choosing YourEthnicity: A Longitudinal Analysis of Ethnic Identity Choice
andIntra-Individual Ethnicity Change
| By: | Rademakers, Robbert;vanHoorn, Andre |
| Abstract: | This paper studies individuals’ possible choice to forgo
their ancestralethnicity and adopt a specific new ethnicity. We first use
individual-levelpanel data for Indonesia as well as other countries (e.g., the
U.S.) todocument the pervasiveness of intra-individual ethnicity change and
itscoincidence with major life events, particularly, interethnic marriage.
Next,we focus on individuals who have intermarried and exploit variation
indeep-rooted community-level norms on matrilocality (co-residence with
thewife’s family) to identify how differences in expected costs and benefits
ofethnicity change causally affect newlyweds’ choice to adopt a
specificethnicity (i.e., their spouses’ ethnicity) or not. Results obtained
using athree-wave panel comprising more than 13,000 Indonesians confirm the
expectedeffect of matrilocality, as newly intermarried men (women) are
significantlymore (less) likely to adopt their spouses’ ethnicity when the
couple lives ina matrilocal community compared to a non-matrilocal one. Because
ethnicitychange is a means to fit in, important implication of our findings is
that inmany countries key statistics on ethnic fractionalization and
segregation areseverely inflated. |
| Keywords: | Intra-individual ethnic fluidity; ethnic boundaries;
ethnic options;intermarriage; post-marital residence norms; racial identity
change |
| JEL: | J12 J15Z13 |
| Date: | 2020–03–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:99184&r=mig ;|
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