----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Thursday, July 25,
2019, 02:10:43 AM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2019-07-22, eleven papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2019‒07‒22
eleven papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- Cultural Factors and Study Destinations of InternationalStudents ByHao
Wei;Ran Yuan;LaixunZhao
- The role of distance and social networks in the geography ofcrowdfunding:
evidence from France BySylvainDejean
- Migration and Informal Insurance ByCostasMeghir;Ahmed Mushfiq
Mobarak;Ahmed Corina Mommaerts;Ahmed Melanie Morten
- Cities as drivers of social mobility ByAlessandra, Michelangeli;Umut,Türk
- The Impact of Medicaid on Medical Utilization in aVulnerable Population:
Evidence from COFA Migrants ByTimothy J. Halliday;RandallQ.
Akee;TetineSentell;MeganInada;JillMiyamura
- Wasted windfalls: Inefficiencies in health care spending inoil rich
countries ByOliveNsababera
- Emigration from the UK 1870-1913: Quantity and QualityByTimothy J. Hatton
- Mexican Migration to the United States: Selection,Assignment, and Welfare
ByBURZYNSKI Michal;GOLAPawel
- Weather shocks,poverty and crime in 18th-century SavoyByChambru, Cédric
- Language proficiency and immigrants’ labor marketoutcomes in post-crisis
Spain ByDavia,María A.;Wang,Ting;Gámez,Matías
- A Chance for Change? Social Attitudes Towards Immigrationand the
Educational Opportunity of Immigrants' Children
BySophieAugustin;DanielaRroshi;Alyssa Schneebaum
- Cultural Factorsand Study Destinations of International Students
| By: | Hao Wei(Department of International Economics, Beijing Normal
University, China);Ran Yuan(Department of International Economics, Beijing
Normal University, China);LaixunZhao (Research Institute for Economics &
Business Administration (RIEB),Kobe University, Japan) |
| Abstract: | We examine the role of cultural factors in attracting
internationalstudents,using data of 102 countries from 2000 to 2015. Our
results show that theexport of cultural products is conducive to the increase
of internationalstudents, and in particular, international students choose to
study indeveloping countries whose official language and religious beliefs
aredifferent from their home countries, while they tend to go to
developedcountries with a common language. We also examine the features
ofinternational students in China and Chinese students in other countries.
Thepolicy implication from our study is that "soft power" such as a
uniqueculture, common value and migration networks is important in
attractingforeign students. |
| Keywords: | Cultural Factors, International Students, Cultural Goods
Exports, MigrationNetworks, Chinese Students Abroad |
| JEL: | F16I23 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kob:dpaper:dp2019-15&r=mig ;|
- The role ofdistance and social networks in the geography of crowdfunding:
evidence fromFrance
| By: | SylvainDejean (CE.RE.GE - CEntre de REcherche en GEstion - ULR
- Université de LaRochelle - IAE Poitiers - Institut d'Administration des
Entreprises (IAE) -Poitiers - Université de Poitiers - Université de Poitiers) |
| Abstract: | This article aims to estimate the cost of distance in
the geographical flowofcrowdfunding, and to show how social ties between the 94
French metropolitanregions shape the geography of funding. Our analysis draws
upon a uniquedatabase provided by the French leader in rewards-based
crowdfunding. The mainresult is that the elasticity of distance remains
important (around 0.5), andthat social ties between regions determine the flow
of funding. Doubling thenumber of immigrants in a region increases the number
of investments by 24%and reduces the impact of distance. |
| Keywords: | Crowdfunding,economic geography,social networks,gravity |
| Date: | 2019–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01645147&r=mig ;|
- Migration and InformalInsurance
| By: | CostasMeghir (Cowles Foundation, Yale University, NBER, IZA,
CEPR, and Institutefor Fiscal Studies);Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak (Cowles
Foundation, Yale University);Ahmed Corina Mommaerts (University of Wisconsin –
Madison);Ahmed Melanie Morten (Stanford University and NBER) |
| Abstract: | Do new migration opportunities for rural households
change the nature andextent of informal risk sharing? We experimentally
document that randomlyoffering poor rural households subsidies to migrate leads
to a 40% improvementin risk sharing in their villages. We explain this finding
using a model ofendogenous migration and risk sharing. When migration is risky,
the networkcan facilitate migration by insuring that risk, which in turn
crowds-in risksharing when new migration opportunities arise. We estimate the
model and ?ndthat welfare gains from migration subsidies are 42% larger,
compared with thewelfare gains without spillovers, once we account for the
changes in risksharing. Our analysis illustrates that (a) ignoring the
spillover effects onthe network gives an incomplete picture of the welfare
effects of migration,and (b) informal risk sharing may be an essential
determinant of the takeup ofnew income-generating technologies. |
| Keywords: | Informal Insurance, Migration, Bangladesh, RCT |
| JEL: | D12D91 D52 O12 R23 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2185&r=mig ;|
- Cities as drivers ofsocial mobility
| By: | Alessandra, Michelangeli;Umut,Türk |
| Abstract: | Intergenerational mobility refers to children moving up
from the socialclassposition held by their parents. Previous studies indicate
family background asone of the major determinants of socioeconomic mobility
and, in general, ofindividual life chances. This paper extends the standard
approach to measureintergenerational social mobility by examining the role of
cities whereoffspring grew up. The idea is that cities can provide resources
andopportunities able to increase the chance of employment and status
attainment.We assess intergenerational mobility in Italy, the most immobile
country inEurope together with Greece and Portugal. We use a data survey
provided by theItalian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), which provides
informationon the individual-level track of Italian students’ life path from
high schoolto occupation. We merge these data with city-level data on
economicconditions, human capital, and social capital. We distinguish between
studentswho attended university in the same province where they presumably grew
up andthose who migrated to another province for higher education. This allows
us totest whether migration affects the shift in occupation type and, if so,
whichcharacteristics of cities enhance upward mobility. |
| Keywords: | Intergenerational social mobility; spatial mobility;
cities. |
| JEL: | J62 R11R12 |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mib:wpaper:397&r=mig ;|
- The Impact of Medicaidon Medical Utilization in a Vulnerable Population:
Evidence from COFAMigrants
| By: | Timothy J. Halliday;RandallQ.
Akee;TetineSentell;MeganInada;JillMiyamura |
| Abstract: | In March 2015, the State of Hawaii stopped covering the
vast majority ofmigrants from countries belonging to the Compact of Free
Association (COFA) inthe state Medicaid program. COFA migrants were instead
required to obtainprivate insurance in the exchanges established under the
Affordable Care Act.Using statewide administrative hospital discharge data, we
show thatMedicaid-funded hospitalizations and emergency room visits declined in
thispopulation by 69% and 42% after the expiration of Medicaid eligibility.
Thisdecrease occurred despite the fact that low-income COFA households
wereeligible for state-funded premium coverage for private insurance.
Utilizationfunded by private insurance did increase, but not enough to offset
thedeclines in Medicaid-funded utilization. Uninsured ER visits increased as
aconsequence of the expiration of Medicaid benefits. Paradoxically, we alsofind
a substantial increase in Medicaid-funded ER visits by infants after
theexpiration of benefits. |
| JEL: | I10 I14J61 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26030&r=mig ;|
- Wasted windfalls:Inefficiencies in health care spending in oil rich
countries
| By: | OliveNsababera (Department of Economics, University of Sussex,
Brighton,UK) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the long-term impact of refugee
camps on the health oflocal residents in Tanzania. Taking height-for-age
z-score (HAZ) as a proxyfor health, the paper exploits the fact that different
birth cohorts wereexposed to different stages of the camps’ lifecycle. Temporal
variationthrough birth cohorts is combined with geographic variation in
adifference-in-difference estimation approach. First, the paper examines
thegeneration that were children at the opening of the camps and are now
adults(as of 2012). It finds a negative and localised health effect that
haspersisted into adulthood. The result is comparable to a 2.9% to 5.9%
reductionin adult hourly earnings. However, those that were exposed for a
longerduration were less affected suggesting that subsequent economic
developmentaround camps mitigated the initial adverse effect. Second, this
paper comparesthe subsequent generation that was born once the camps were
already inoperation, and those born after camps closed. It finds no
observabledifference in the HAZ score between those born during camps operation
and inthe post-camp period. |
| Keywords: | refugees, child health, Tanzania |
| JEL: | I15 O10O15 J13 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:0919&r=mig ;|
- Emigration from the UK1870-1913: Quantity and Quality
| By: | Timothy J. Hatton |
| Abstract: | In this paper I revisit the determinants of emigration
from the UK duringtheage of mass migration from 1870 to 1913. During those
years the cumulativegross outflow was 10 million while the net outflow of
nearly 6 millionamounted to 13 percent of the UK population in 1913. I focus on
thedeterminants of emigration to the three principal destinations, the
USA,Canada and Australia and New Zealand combined. In the absence of
restrictiveimmigration policies, the flow of emigration to these destinations
respondedto economic shocks and trends. I also investigate differences in the
skillcontent of emigration, as represented by the occupational composition of
adultmale emigrants to these three destinations. Emigrants to Australia and
NewZealand were more skilled on average than those heading across the Atlantic,
afeature that does not correspond well with skill differentials in the
mannerpredicted by the Roy model. While assisted passages (subsidised
fares)increased the volume of emigration to Australia and New Zealand they
cannotaccount for its higher skill content. |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:auu:hpaper:079&r=mig ;|
- Mexican Migration tothe United States: Selection, Assignment, and Welfare
| By: | BURZYNSKI Michal;GOLAPawel |
| Abstract: | This paper quanti fies the effects of Mexican migration
to the United Stateson individual welfare along the continuous distribution of
skills in bothcountries. We develop a model that focuses on the sorting of
workers withinand across national labor markets. Mexican workers self-select
into migration,and then, within each country, all workers match
withproductivity-differentiated fi rms. Firms operate in
monopolisticallycompetitive international markets, which they can freely enter
or exit. Thesefeatures of the model ensure that workers with similar skills are
substitutesand dissimilar workers are complements. Thus, migration
redistributes welfarein the source and host country. In particular, the
observed Mexicanimmigration to the United States depresses the wages of
below-median localworkers. However, the welfare losses in the United States are
modest in scope:A $1.70 per day lump-sum tax on Mexican immigrants is
sufficient to fi nance acompensating transfer for all U.S. citizens. |
| Keywords: | Migration; matching; selection; welfare |
| JEL: | C68 C78F22 J24 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irs:cepswp:2019-10&r=mig ;|
- Weathershocks,poverty and crime in 18th-century Savoy
| By: | Chambru, Cédric |
| Abstract: | Did weather shocks increase interpersonal conflict in
early modern Europe? Iaddress this question by exploiting year-to-year seasonal
variations intemperature and detailed crime data I assembled from Savoyard
criminalprocedures over the period 1749–89. I find that temperature shocks had
apositive and significant effect on the level of property crimes, but
nosignificant effect on violent crimes. I further document how
seasonalmigration may help to increase the coping capacity of local communities
inwhich they were widely used. Migrant labourers brought remittances
tosupplement communities’ resources and also temporarily relieve
theircommunities of the burden of feeding them. I show that temperature shocks
werestrongly associated with increase in the property crimes rate, but the
effectis much lower in provinces with high levels of seasonal migration. I
providehistorical evidence to show that the inflow of remittances may drive
thisrelationship. |
| Keywords: | Weather shocks, Migration, Crime, Grain prices, Savoy,
18thCentury |
| JEL: | J61 N33N53 Q10 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gnv:wpaper:unige:120722&r=mig ;|
- Language proficiencyand immigrants’ labor market outcomes in post-crisis
Spain
| By: | Davia,María A.;Wang,Ting;Gámez,Matías |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the impact of Spanish proficiency on
first generationimmigrants’ labor market outcomes, based on the Labor Force
Survey 2014 ad hocmodule on the “Labor market situation of migrants and their
immediatedescendants”. A very high level of proficiency in Spanish is found to
enhanceimmigrants’ employability, particularly for non Spanish-speaking
immigrants.The impact increases when potential endogeneity in language skills
isaddressed via IV variables. Still, proficiency in Spanish does not help to
gethigher ranked occupations, measured via ISEI (International
Socio-EconomicIndex) – and language skills neither contribute to explain
occupationalstatus, nor are endogenous to it, even after control for sample
selection. Thefirst result confirms the downward bias of the impact of the
languageproficiency on employment probabilities when the endogeneity problem is
notaccounted while the second responds to the particular occupational
segregationin Spain amongst workers from different areas of the world. |
| Keywords: | Spanish Proficiency, immigrants, labor market outcomes,
IVregressions |
| JEL: | J15 J16J24 |
| Date: | 2019–07–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94795&r=mig ;|
- A Chance for Change?Social Attitudes Towards Immigration and the
Educational Opportunity ofImmigrants' Children
| By: | SophieAugustin (Department of Economics, Vienna University of
Economics andBusiness);DanielaRroshi (Department of Economics, Vienna
University of Economics andBusiness);Alyssa Schneebaum (Department of
Economics, Vienna University ofEconomics and Business) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a method to study the relationship
between voters'attitudes towards immigration and the educational attainment of
immigrants andtheir children, and applies it to Austrian data. We measure
attitudes towardsimmigration using data on political parties' positions
regarding immigrationand the share of votes that each party received at the
regional level. We thenstudy the educational attainment and intergenerational
educational mobility ofimmigrants who grew up in the regions whose political
environment we observe.Preliminary results for Aus- tria suggest that,
surprisingly, better attitudestowards migration are associated with lower
educational attainment forimmigrants. However, immigrants are more likely than
their native peers toobtain more education than their parents. Here, the
returns to more positiveattitudes towards immigration play a large role in
explaining the mobility gapacross migration background. |
| Keywords: | educational attainment, immigration, voting behaviour,
socialattitudes |
| JEL: | I24 J15I21 D72 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwwuw:wuwp287&r=mig ;|
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