----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Monday, April 15,
2019, 6:58:39 PM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2019-04-15, fifteen papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2019‒04‒15
fifteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- Managing the Impact of Climate on Migration: Evidence fromMexico
ByChort,Isabelle;de la Rupelle, Maëlys
- Presence of language-learning opportunities andmigration
ByMatthiasHuber;SilkeÜbelmesser
- To Europe or Not to Europe? Migration and Public Support forJoining the
European Union in the Western Balkans ByIvlevs,Artjoms;King,Roswitha M.
- Language Premium Myth or Fact: Evidence from Migrant Workersof Guangdong,
China ByWei,Xiahai;Fang,Tony;Jiao,Yang;Li,Jiahui
- The Impact of Global Warming on Rural-Urban Migrations:Evidence from
Global Big Data ByGiovanniPeri;AkiraSasahara
- Understanding migration aversion using elicitedcounterfactual choice
probabilities ByKoşar,Gizem;Ransom,Tyler;Van der Klaauw, Wilbert
- Refugees Welcome? Understanding the Regional Heterogeneityof
Anti-Foreigner Hate Crimes in Germany ByEntorf,Horst;Lange,Martin
- The Effect of Social Connectedness on Crime: Evidence fromthe Great
Migration ByStuart,Bryan;Taylor,Evan J.
- Does Low Skilled Immigration Increase Profits? Evidence fromItalian Local
Labour Markets ByBrunello, Giorgio;Lodigiani, Elisabetta;Rocco,Lorenzo
- Taxation and Migration: Evidence and PolicyImplications
ByKleven,Henrik;Landais, Camille;Munoz,Mathilde;Stantcheva, Stefanie
- The Logic of Fear: Populism and Media Coverage of ImmigrantCrimes
ByMathieu Couttenier;SophieHatte;MathiasThoenig;Stephanos Vlachos
- Living Conditions and the Mental Health and Well-being ofRefugees:
Evidence from a Representative German Panel Study ByLenaWalther;Lukas
M.Fuchs;JürgenSchupp;Christian von Scheve
- The Impact of Public Health Insurance on MedicalUtilization in a
Vulnerable Population: Evidence from COFA Migrants ByTimothy J.
Halliday;RandallQ. Akee;TetineSentell;MeganInada;JillMiyamura
- Ethnicity and tax filing behavior BySpencerBastani;ThomasGiebe;ChizhengMiao
- Individual attitudes towards immigration in agingpopulations
ByRanaComertpay;AndreasIrmen;Anastasia Litina
- Managing the Impactof Climate on Migration: Evidence from Mexico
| By: | Chort,Isabelle (Université de Pau et des pays de l’Adour);de
la Rupelle, Maëlys (Paris School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses state-level data on migration flows
between Mexico and theU.S. from 1999 to 2011 to investigate the migration
response to climate shocksand the mitigating impact of an agricultural
cash-transfer program (PROCAMPO)and a disaster fund (Fonden). While lower than
average precipitations increaseundocumented migration, especially from the most
agricultural states, Fondenamounts decrease the undocumented migration response
to abnormally lowprecipitations during the dry season. Changes equalizing the
distribution ofPROCAMPO and favoring vulnerable producers in the non irrigated
ejido sectormitigate the impact of droughts on migration, especially for a high
initiallevel of inequality. |
| Keywords: | international migration, climate, public policies,
weather variability,natural disasters, Mexico-U.S. migration, inequality |
| JEL: | F22Q54 Q18 Q18 J61 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12227&r=mig ;|
- Presence oflanguage-learning opportunities and migration
| By: | MatthiasHuber;SilkeÜbelmesser |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effect of the presence of German
language learningopportunities abroad on migration to Germany. We use
information on thepresence of the Goethe-Institut (GI), which is an association
that promotesGerman culture and offers language courses and standardized exams.
Our uniquedataset covers 69 countries for the period 1977 to 2014. In
thismultiple-origin and single-destination framework, we estimate
fixed-effectsmodels as our basic specification. We find evidence that the
number oflanguage institutes of the GI in a country is positively correlated
withmigration from that country to Germany. The correlation is higher
forcountries with lower income, larger linguistic distance and without wars.
Toestablish causality, we consider Switzerland as an alternative
destinationcountry as the decision to open a language institute in a country is
exogenousto migration flows from that country to Switzerland. We find that
theinstitutes of the GI also affect migration flows to the German-speaking
partof Switzerland, but not to the French- and Italian-speaking part. Backed
byfurther extensions which control for the presence of multilateral
resistanceand omitted variable bias, we interpret our results as presenting a
causaleffect from language learning opportunities to migration flows. |
| Keywords: | language skills, language learning, international
migration, paneldata |
| JEL: | F22 O15J61 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7569&r=mig ;|
- To Europe or Not toEurope? Migration and Public Support for Joining the
European Union in theWestern Balkans
| By: | Ivlevs,Artjoms (University of the West of England,
Bristol);King,Roswitha M. (Østfold University College) |
| Abstract: | For decades, countries aspiring to join the European
Union (EU) have beenlinked to it through migration. Yet little is known about
how migrationaffects individual support for joining the EU in prospective
member states. Weexplore the relationship between migration and support for EU
accession in theWestern Balkans. Using data from the Gallup Balkan Monitor
survey, we findthat prospective and return migrants, as well as people with
relatives abroad,are more likely to vote favourably in a hypothetical EU
referendum. At thesame time, only people with relatives abroad are more likely
to consider EUmembership a good thing. Our results suggest that migration
affects attitudestoward joining the EU principally through
instrumental/utilitarian motives,with channels related to information and
cosmopolitanism playing only a minorrole. Overall, our study suggests that
migration fosters support for joining asupranational organization in the
migrants' countries of origin, which, inturn, is likely to affect political and
institutional development of thesecountries. |
| Keywords: | migration, return migration, European Union, european
integration, WesternBalkans |
| JEL: | F22 F24J61 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12254&r=mig ;|
- Language PremiumMyth or Fact: Evidence from Migrant Workers of Guangdong,
China
| By: | Wei,Xiahai (Huaqiao University);Fang,Tony (Memorial University
of Newfoundland);Jiao,Yang (Fort Hays State University);Li,Jiahui (Peking
University) |
| Abstract: | Using unique matched employer-employee data from China,
we discover thatmigrant workers in the manufacturing industry who are
proficient in the localdialect earn lower wages than those who are not. We also
find that workerswith better dialect skills are more likely to settle for lower
wages inexchange for social insurance. We hypothesize that they are doing so in
thehope of obtaining permanent residency and household registration
status(hukou) in the host city where they work. Further tests show that
thephenomenon of "exchanging wages for social insurance participation" is
morepronounced among workers employed in smaller enterprises. Moreover,
migrantworkers with better language skills have a stronger desire to stay in
the hostcity. Our conclusions are robust to different specifications, even
afteraddressing the endogeneity issue for language acquisition. The present
studyprovides a new perspective on the impact of language fluency on
socialintegration among migrants, one of the most disadvantaged groups in
developingcountries. |
| Keywords: | wages, language ability, dialect, social insurance,
migrants,China |
| JEL: | J32 J61R23 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12248&r=mig ;|
- The Impact of GlobalWarming on Rural-Urban Migrations: Evidence from
Global Big Data
| By: | GiovanniPeri;AkiraSasahara |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of temperature changes on
rural-urbanmigrationusing a 56km×56km grid cell level dataset covering the
whole world at 10-yearfrequency during the period 1970-2000. We find that
rising temperatures reducerural-urban migration in poor countries and increase
such migration inmiddle-income countries. These asymmetric migration responses
are consistentwith a simple model where rural-urban earnings differentials and
liquidityconstraints interact to determine rural-to-urban migration flows. We
alsoconfirm these temperature effects using country-level observations
constructedby aggregating the grid cell level data. We project that expected
warming inthe next century will encourage further urbanization in
middle-incomecountries such as Argentina, but it will slow down urban
transition in poorcountries like Malawi and Niger. |
| JEL: | J61 O13R23 |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25728&r=mig ;|
- Understanding migrationaversion using elicited counterfactual choice
probabilities
| By: | Koşar,Gizem (Federal Reserve Bank of New York);Ransom,Tyler
(Oklahoma University, IZA);Van der Klaauw, Wilbert (Federal Reserve Bank of
NewYork) |
| Abstract: | Residential mobility rates in the United States have
fallen considerablyoverthe past three decades. The cause of the long-term
decline remains largelyunexplained. In this paper we investigate the relative
importance ofalternative drivers of residential mobility, including job
opportunities,neighborhood and housing amenities, social networks, and housing
and movingcosts, using data from two waves of the New York Fed’s Survey of
ConsumerExpectations. Our hypothetical choice methodology elicits choice
probabilitiesfrom which we recover the distribution of preferences for location
andmobility attributes without concerns about omitted variables and
selectionbiases that hamper analyses based on observed mobility choices alone.
Weestimate substantial heterogeneity in the willingness to pay (WTP)
forlocation and housing amenities across different demographic groups,
withincome considerations, proximity to friends and family, neighbors’
sharednorms and social values, and monetary and psychological costs of moving
beingkey drivers of migration and residential location choices. The estimates
pointto potentially important amplifying roles played by family, friends,
andshared norms and values in the decline of residential mobility rates. |
| Keywords: | geographic labor mobility; migration; neighborhood
characteristics |
| Date: | 2019–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:883&r=mig ;|
- Refugees Welcome?Understanding the Regional Heterogeneity of
Anti-Foreigner Hate Crimes inGermany
| By: | Entorf,Horst (Goethe University Frankfurt);Lange,Martin (ZEW
Mannheim) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we examine anti-foreigner hate crime in
the wake of thelargeinflux of asylum seekers to Germany in 2014 and 2015. By
exploiting thequasi-experimental assignment of asylum seekers to German
regions, we estimatethe causal effect of an unexpected and sudden change in the
share of theforeign-born population on anti-foreigner hate crime. Our
county-levelanalysis shows that not simply the size of regional asylum seeker
inflowsdrives the increase in hate crime, but the rapid compositional change of
theresidential population: Areas with previously low shares of
foreign-borninhabitants that face large-scale immigration of asylum seekers
witness thestrongest upsurge in hate crime. Economically deprived regions and
regionswith a legacy of anti-foreigner hate crimes are also found to be prone
to hatecrime against refugees. However, when we explicitly control for
East-WestGerman differences, the predominance of native-born residents at the
locallevel stands out as the single most important factor explaining the
suddenincrease in hate crime. |
| Keywords: | hate crime, immigration, natural experiment, regional
conditions |
| JEL: | J15 R23K42 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12229&r=mig ;|
- The Effect of SocialConnectedness on Crime: Evidence from the Great
Migration
| By: | Stuart,Bryan (George Washington University);Taylor,Evan J.
(University of Chicago) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the effect of social connectedness
on crime across U.S.cities from 1970 to 2009. Migration networks among African
Americans from theSouth generated variation across destinations in the
concentration of migrantsfrom the same birth town. Using this novel source of
variation, we find thatsocial connectedness considerably reduces murders,
rapes, robberies, assaults,burglaries, and motor vehicle thefts, with a one
standard deviation increasein social connectedness reducing murders by 21
percent and motor vehiclethefts by 20 percent. Social connectedness especially
reduces murders ofadolescents and young adults committed during gang and drug
activity. |
| Keywords: | crime, social connectedness, Great Migration |
| JEL: | K42 N32R23 Z13 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12228&r=mig ;|
- Does Low SkilledImmigration Increase Profits? Evidence from Italian Local
LabourMarkets
| By: | Brunello, Giorgio (University of Padova);Lodigiani, Elisabetta
(University of Padova);Rocco,Lorenzo (University of Padova) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the (causal) effects of low skill
immigration on the performanceof Italian manufacturing firms. We find that an
increase of the local supplyof low skilled immigrants by one thousand units –
which corresponds to 8.5percent of the mean value - raises profits on average
by somewhat less thanhalf a percentage point, reduces average labour costs by
about 0.1 percent andhas no effect on TFP. The positive effects on profits are
larger for smallfirms operating in low tech sectors and for firms located in
areasspecializing in low skill productions. Our evidence suggests that the
recentwaves of low skilled immigration in Italy may have hampered the
transition toan economic structure characterized by high productivity and
wagegrowth. |
| Keywords: | low skilled immigration, profits, Italy |
| JEL: | J61 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12226&r=mig ;|
- Taxation andMigration: Evidence and Policy Implications
| By: | Kleven,Henrik;Landais, Camille;Munoz,Mathilde;Stantcheva,
Stefanie |
| Abstract: | In this article, we review a growing empirical
literature on the effects ofpersonal taxation on the geographic mobility of
people and discuss its policyimplications. We start by laying out the empirical
challenges that preventedprogress in this area until recently, and then discuss
how recent work havemade use of new data sources and quasi-experimental
approaches to crediblyestimate migration responses. This body of work has shown
that certainsegments of the labor market, especially high-income workers and
professionswith little location-specific human capital, may be quite responsive
to taxesin their location decisions. When considering the implications for tax
policydesign, we distinguish between uncoordinated and coordinated tax policy.
Wehighlight the importance of recognizing that mobility elasticities are
notexogenous, structural parameters. They can vary greatly depending on
thepopulation being analyzed, the size of the tax jurisdiction, the extent of
taxpolicy coordination, and a range of non-tax policies. While
migrationresponses add to the efficiency costs of redistributing income, we
cautionagainst over-using the recent evidence of (sizeable) mobility responses
totaxes as an argument for less redistribution in a globalized world. |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13649&r=mig ;|
- The Logic of Fear:Populism and Media Coverage of Immigrant Crimes
| By: | Mathieu Couttenier (University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Gate
UMR5824, F-69342 Lyon, France and CEPR);SophieHatte (University of Lyon, ENS de
Lyon, Gate UMR 5824, F-69342 Lyon,France);MathiasThoenig (Department of
Economics, University of Lausanne and CEPR);Stephanos Vlachos (Department of
Economics, University ofVienna) |
| Abstract: | We study how news coverage of immigrant criminality
impactedmunicipality-level votes in the November 2009 “minaret ban” referendum
inSwitzerland. The campaign, successfully led by the populist Swiss
People’sParty, played aggressively on fears of Muslim immigration and linked
Islamwith terrorism and violence. We combine an exhaustive violent crime
detectiondataset with detailed information on crime coverage from 12
newspapers. Thedata allow us to quantify the extent of pre-vote media bias in
the coverage ofmigrant criminality. We then estimate a theory-based voting
equation in thecross-section of municipalities. Exploiting random variations in
crimeoccurrences, we find a first-order, positive effect of news coverage
onpolitical support for the minaret ban. Counterfactual simulations show
that,under a law forbidding newspapers to disclose a perpetrator’s nationality,
thevote in favor of the ban would have decreased by 5 percentage points
(from57.6% to 52.6%). |
| Keywords: | Media, Violent crime, Immigration, Vote, Populism |
| JEL: | D72 L82Z12 K42 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gat:wpaper:1914&r=mig ;|
- Living Conditionsand the Mental Health and Well-being of Refugees:
Evidence from a RepresentativeGerman Panel Study
| By: | LenaWalther;Lukas M.Fuchs;JürgenSchupp;Christian von Scheve |
| Abstract: | The mental health and well-being of refugees are both
prerequisites for andindicators of social integration. Using data from the
first wave of arepresentative prospective panel of refugees living in Germany,
weinvestigated how different living conditions, especially those subject
tointegration policies, are associated with experienced distress and
lifesatisfaction in newly-arrived adult refugees. In particular, we
investigatedhow the outcome of the asylum process, family reunification,
housingconditions, participation in integration and language courses, being
ineducation or working, social interaction with the native population,
andlanguage skills are related to mental health and well-being. Our findings
showthat negative and pending outcomes of the asylum process and separation
fromfamily are related to higher levels of distress and lower levels of
lifesatisfaction. Living in communal instead of private housing is also
associatedwith greater distress and lower life satisfaction. Being employed,
bycontrast, is related to reduced distress. Contact to members of the
hostsociety and better host country language skills are also related to
lowerlevels of distress and higher levels of life satisfaction. Our findings
offerinsights into correlates of refugees’ well-being in the first years
afterarrival in a host country, a dimension of integration often overlooked
inexisting studies, thus having the potential to inform decision-making in
ahighly contested policy area. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp1029&r=mig ;|
- The Impact of PublicHealth Insurance on Medical Utilization in a
Vulnerable Population: Evidencefrom COFA Migrants
| By: | Timothy J. Halliday (University of Hawaii at Manoa, UHERO,
IZA);RandallQ. Akee (Brookings Institution and UCLA (on-leave), IZA,
NBER);TetineSentell (University of Hawaii at Manoa);MeganInada (Kokua Kalihi
Valley Comprehensive Family Services);JillMiyamura (Hawaii Health Information
Corporation) |
| Abstract: | In March of 2015, the State of Hawaii stopped covering
the vast majority ofmigrants from countries belonging to the Compact of Free
Association (COFA) inthe state Medicaid program. As a result COFA migrants were
required to obtainprivate insurance in health insurance exchanges established
under theAffordable Care Act. Using statewide administrative hospital discharge
data,we show that Medicaid-funded hospitalizations and emergency room
visitsdeclined in this population by 69% and 42% after the expiration of
Medicaideligibility. Utilization funded by private insurance did increase but
notenough to offset the declines in publicly-funded utilization. This resulted
ina net decrease in utilization. In addition, we show that uninsured ER
visitsincreased as a consequence of the expiration of Medicaid
benefits.Paradoxically, we also find a substantial increase in Medicaid-funded
ERvisits by infants after the expiration of benefits which is consistent with
asubstitution of ER visits for ambulatory care for the very young. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, Health Insurance, Cost Sharing, Medicaid,
InsuranceExchange |
| JEL: | I10 I14J61 |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hae:wpaper:2019-1&r=mig ;|
- Ethnicity and taxfiling behavior
| By: | SpencerBastani;ThomasGiebe;ChizhengMiao |
| Abstract: | We analyze differences in tax filing behavior between
natives and immigrantsusing population-wide Swedish administrative data,
focusing on two empiricalexamples. First, controlling for a rich set of
variables, we compare deductionbehavior of immigrants and natives with the same
commuting patterns withinSweden’s largest commuting zone. We find that newly
arrived immigrants filefewer deductions than natives, that immigrants with a
longer duration of stayin the host country behave more like natives, and that
immigrants with thelongest stay file the most, even more than natives. Second,
we analyzebunching behavior among the self-employed at the salient first kink
point ofthe Swedish central government income tax schedule, located in the
uppermiddle part of the income distribution. We find that self-employed
immigrantsexhibit significantly less bunching behavior than natives, even after
a longtime in the host country. We highlight residential segregation as a
maindriver of the observed behavioral differences. |
| Keywords: | deductions, tax filing, bunching, immigrants, natives,
integration |
| JEL: | D31 H21 H24 H26 J22 J61 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7576&r=mig ;|
- Individual attitudestowards immigration in aging populations
| By: | RanaComertpay;AndreasIrmen;Anastasia Litina |
| Abstract: | This research empirically establishes the hypothesis
that the process ofpopulation aging in a society as a whole affects the
attitudes of its memberstowards immigration. Hence, an aging social environment
exerts an effect onthe attitudes of individuals towards immigration after
accounting for theirage and other individual characteristics. We test this
hypothesis in amultilevel analysis of individuals living in 25 European OECD
countries overthe period 2002-2017. Our measure of “societal population aging”
is theold-age dependency ratio. “Attitudes” are taken from immigration
relatedquestions in eight consecutive rounds of the European Social Survey. For
theseattitudes we find non-linear, U-shaped relationships. Hence, the effect
ofsocietal population aging on individual attitudes towards immigration
isnegative in young societies and positive in old ones. |
| Keywords: | population aging, attitudes, immigration, culture |
| JEL: | J10Z10 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7565&r=mig ;|
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