----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Sunday, October 21,
2018, 11:48:41 PM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2018-10-22, nineteen papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2018‒10‒22
nineteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- The human capital selection of young males seeking asylum inGermany
ByLange,Martin;Pfeiffer, Friedhelm
- The Labour Market Integration of Refugees in Germany:Evidence from a Field
Experiment ByGiesing, Yvonne;Battisti, Michele;Laurentsyeva, Nadzeya
- Job market outcomes of IDPs: the case of Georgia ByKarineTorosyan;Norberto
Pignatti;MaksymObrizan
- The economics of the Syrian refugee crisis in neighboringcountries. The
case of Lebanon ByAndaDavid;Mohamed Ali Marouani;CharbelNahas;BjörnNilsson
- Return migrants’ self-selection: Evidence for Indianinventors
ByStefanoBRESCHI;Francesco LISSONI;ErnestMIGUELEZ
- Exit, Voice and Political Change: Evidence from Swedish MassMigration to
the United States ByKaradja, Mounir;Prawitz,Erik
- The Impact of Xenophobic Violence on the Integration ofImmigrants
BySteinhardt, Max F.
- Migration and invention in the age of mass migration
ByAndreaMorrison;SergioPetralia;DarioDiodato
- Enduring Gendered Mobility Patterns in ContemporarySenegal
ByIsabelleCHORT;Philippe DE VREYER;ThomasZUBER
- Minimum Wages and the Labor Market Effects ofImmigration
ByEdo,Anthony;Rapoport, Hillel
- Impact of International Remittance on Out-Farm LaborMigration in
Developing Countries: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis
BySeidu,Ayuba;Onel,Gulcan;Moss, Charles Britt
- Interdependent Hazards, Local Interactions, and the ReturnDecision of
Recent Migrants ByBijwaard, Govert;Schluter, Christian
- Immigration and Nationalism: The Importance of IdentityByFrancesco
Flaviano Russo
- The impact of international immigration and culturaldiversity on economic
performance, public attitudes and political outcomes inEuropean regions
ByChasapopoulos, Panagiotis
- Migrant STEM Entrepreneurs ByBaum, Christopher
F;Dastory,Linda;Lööf,Hans;Stephan, Andreas
- Financial Inclusion of Germany’s Refugees: CurrentSituation and Road
Ahead BySwati Mehta Dhawan
- Agricultural Land and Rural-Urban Migration in China: A NewPattern
ByXiao,Wei;Zhao,Guochang
- The Role of Institutions and Immigrant Networks in Firms’Offshoring
Decisions* BySimoneMoriconi;GiowanniPeri;DarioPozzoli;
- Selling Souls: An Empirical Analysis of Human Traffickingand Globalization
ByMajeed, Muhammad Tariq;Malik,Amna
- The human capitalselection of young males seeking asylum in Germany
| By: | Lange,Martin;Pfeiffer, Friedhelm |
| Abstract: | This study analyses the selection of recently arrived
asylum seekers fromMiddle Eastern and African countries in Germany. The
findings suggest that, onaverage, asylum seekers have 22 percent more years of
schooling - theindicator used for human capital - when compared to same-aged
persons fromtheir country of origin. In addition, it is shown that asylum
seekers in thesample often accumulated rather low or relatively high levels of
schoolingcompared to same-aged persons in their countries of origin. This
phenomenon iseven more pronounced for parental education. It is demonstrated
that theindicators of individual and parental human capital influence
short-runintegration outcomes in Germany, while work experience in the home
countrydoes not. The paper discusses potential economic explanations for the
findingson immigrant selection and integration outcomes. |
| Keywords: | immigrant selection,asylum seekers,human
capital,familybackground,integration |
| JEL: | F22 J15J24 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:18040&r=mig ;|
- The Labour MarketIntegration of Refugees in Germany: Evidence from a Field
Experiment
| By: | Giesing, Yvonne;Battisti, Michele;Laurentsyeva, Nadzeya |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal effect of a job search
support programme onthe employment of asylum seekers in Germany. Asylum seekers
typically needlonger than other migrants to be successful in the host country's
labourmarket. Individual skills such as education and labour market
experiencecertainly play an important role. In addition to that, the job search
processitself requires skills and institutional knowledge, which may be scarce
amongsome groups, e.g. among newly arrived immigrants, non-economic migrants
inparticular. We believe the role of these frictions is an aspect that is
verymuch understudied. We attempt to provide a rigorous evaluation of a
programthat aims at easing matching frictions. In particular, we design a
fieldexperiment to evaluate whether easing matching frictions affects the
labourmarket integration of recent refugees in Germany. We interview around
400job-seeking refugees attending job-counseling sessions of a Munich-based
NGO.The participants are then randomly allocated to the treatment group and
thecontrol group. For the treatment group, the NGO identifies
potentiallysuitable employers and, upon agreement of a job-seeker, sends a CV
to thoseemployers. This treatment can isolate the effect of frictions
concerning thejob search process, while it has no effect on the underlying
skills ofparticipants. We track individuals over time by conducting follow-up
surveysof both the treatment group and the control group every six
months.Preliminary results based on a limited sample show positive and
significanttreatment effects on employment after twelve months. Working with
the fulldataset, we will investigate the heterogeneity of treatment effects
acrossskill groups and legal status, and the possible tradeoff between
earlyemployment and match quality. |
| Keywords: | Refugees,labour market integration,matching
frictions,fieldexperiment |
| JEL: | F22 J61J68 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc18:181522&r=mig ;|
- Job market outcomesof IDPs: the case of Georgia
| By: | KarineTorosyan (International School of Economics at Tbilisi
State University,Tbilisi);Norberto Pignatti (International School of Economics
at TbilisiState University, Tbilisi; IZA, Bonn);MaksymObrizan (Kyiv School of
Economics, Kyiv) |
| Abstract: | Internally displaced people (IDPs) constitute a serious
economic, social andcultural problem for many countries, including countries in
transition.Despite the importance of the problem, there are only a handful of
previousstudies investigating the issue of labor market outcomes of IDPs. We
aim tofill this gap in the literature using 13 years of Integrated Household
Surveysover 2004-2016 from Georgia, which experienced large flows of
internalmigrants from the early 1990s until now. Our analyses indicate that the
labormarket outcomes of IDPs are much worse than those of local
residents.Specifically, IDPs are 3.9 to 11.2 percentage points less likely to
be in thelabor force, depending on the period and duration of IDP status. IDPs
are alsoup to 11.6 percentage points more likely to be unemployed, sometimes
evenafter 20 years of forced displacement. Finally, IDPs residing in a
localityfor more than 5 years receive persistently lower wages than local
residentswith similar characteristics, with the gap widening over time,
reaching some16 percentage points in the last period under analysis. |
| Keywords: | conflict, internally displaced people, IDPs, labor
market outcomes,transition countries |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tbs:wpaper:18-002&r=mig ;|
- The economics ofthe Syrian refugee crisis in neighboring countries. The
case ofLebanon
| By: | AndaDavid (Agence Française de Développement & DIAL);Mohamed
Ali Marouani (UMR « Développement et Société », IEDES/ Université
Paris1-Panthéon-Sorbonne, PSL, Université Paris-Dauphine, LEDa,IRD UMR
DIAL);CharbelNahas (Former Minister of Labor and Telecom, Lebanon);BjörnNilsson
(PSL, Université Paris-Dauphine, LEDa, UMR DIAL) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we investigate the effects of a massive
displacement ofworkers from a war-torn economy on the economy of a neighboring
country.Applying a general equilibrium approach to the Lebanese economy, we
exploreeffects from various components of the crisis on the labor market,
theproduction apparatus, and macroeconomic indicators. Along with
previousliterature, our findings suggest limited or no adverse effects on
high-skillednative workers, but a negative impact on the most vulnerable
Lebanese workersis found. When aid takes the form of investment subsidies,
significantlybetter growth and labor market prospects arise, recalling the
necessity ofcomplementing humanitarian aid with development aid to succeed in
achievinglong-term objectives. This may however not be politically viable in a
contextwhere refugees are considered as temporary. |
| Keywords: | labor markets, macroeconomic impacts of refugees, Syrian
crisis,Lebanon |
| JEL: | E17 F22J15 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt201814&r=mig ;|
- Return migrants’self-selection: Evidence for Indian inventors
| By: | StefanoBRESCHI;Francesco LISSONI;ErnestMIGUELEZ |
| Abstract: | Based on an original dataset linking patent data and
biographicalinformationfor a large sample of US immigrant inventors with Indian
names and surnames,specialized in ICT technologies, we investigate the rate and
determinants ofreturn migration. For each individual in the dataset, we both
estimate theyear of entry in the United States, the likely entry channel (work
oreducation), and the permanence spell up to either the return to India or
righttruncation. By means of survival analysis, we then provide
exploratoryestimates of the probability of return migration as a function of
theconditions at migration (age, education, patenting record, migration
motives,and migration cohort) as well as of some activities undertaken while
abroad(education and patenting). We find both evidence of negative
self-selectionwith respect to educational achievements in the US and of
positiveself-selection with respect to patenting propensity. Based on the
analysis oftime-dependence of the return hazard ratios, return work migrants
appear to benegatively self-selected with respect to unobservable skills
acquired abroad,while evidence for education migrants is less conclusive. |
| Keywords: | immigration, innovation, inventor data, patent data |
| JEL: | F22 O15O31 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2018-20&r=mig ;|
- Exit, Voice andPolitical Change: Evidence from Swedish Mass Migration to
the UnitedStates
| By: | Karadja, Mounir (Department of Economics);Prawitz,Erik
(Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | We study the political effects of mass emigration to the
United States inthe19th century using data from Sweden. To instrument for total
emigration overseveral decades, we exploit severe local frost shocks that
sparked an initialwave of emigration, interacted with within-country travel
costs. Our estimatesshow that emigration substantially increased the local
demand for politicalchange, as measured by labor movement membership, strike
participation andvoting. Emigration also led to de facto political change,
increasing welfareexpenditures as well as the likelihood of adopting more
inclusive politicalinstitutions. |
| Keywords: | Migration; Political change; Labor mobility; Economic
history |
| JEL: | D72 J61P16 |
| Date: | 2018–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1237&r=mig ;|
- The Impact ofXenophobic Violence on the Integration of Immigrants
| By: | Steinhardt, Max F. (Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg) |
| Abstract: | Integration of immigrants is a two-way process involving
immigrants and thehost country society. An underexplored question is how events
of xenophobicviolence in the host country affect the integration of immigrants.
For thispurpose, I exploit a unique series of anti-immigrant attacks in the
early1990s in West Germany. Using a difference-in-differences matching
strategy, Ifind that macro exposure to xenophobic violence has an impact on
severaldimensions of socio-economic integration of immigrants. In particular,
itreduces subjective well-being and increases return intentions, while
itreduces investment in German language skills among those staying in
Germany.From a policy perspective, this paper shows that anti-immigrant
violence canhave indirect costs by impairing the integration of those
immigrants whobelong to the target group of xenophobic attacks. |
| Keywords: | immigration, integration, xenophobia, hate crimes |
| JEL: | A14 J15J61 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11781&r=mig ;|
- Migration and inventionin the age of mass migration
| By: | AndreaMorrison;SergioPetralia;DarioDiodato |
| Abstract: | More than 30 million people migrated to the US between
the 1850s and 1920s.Inthe order of thousands became inventors and patentees.
Drawing on an originaldataset of immigrant inventors to the US, we assess the
city-level impact ofimmigrants patenting and their potential crowding out
effects on US nativeinventors. Our study contributes to the different strands
of literature ineconomics, innovation studies and economic geography on the
role of immigrantsas carriers of knowledge. Our results show that immigrants?
patenting ispositively associated with total patenting. We find also that
immigrantinventors crowd-in US inventors. The growth in US inventors?
productivity canbe explained also in terms of knowledge spill-overs generate by
immigrants.Our findings are robust to several checks and to the implementation
of aninstrumental variable strategy. |
| Keywords: | immigration, innovation, knowledge spill-over, patent,
age of massmigration, US |
| JEL: | F22 J61O31 R3 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1835&r=mig ;|
- EnduringGendered Mobility Patterns in Contemporary Senegal
| By: | IsabelleCHORT;Philippe DE VREYER;ThomasZUBER |
| Abstract: | This study explores internal migration patterns of men
and women usingindividual panel data from a nationally representative survey
collected in twowaves, in 2006-2007 and 2010-2012, in Senegal. The data used
are unique inthat they contain the GPS coordinates of individuals' location in
both waves.We are thus able to precisely calculate distances and map individual
moves,avoiding limitations and constraints of migration definitions based
onadministrative units. Our results reveal major differences across
gender.Women are found to be more likely to migrate than men. However, they
move lessfar and are more likely to migrate to rural areas, especially when
originatingfrom rural areas. Education is found to increase the likelihood of
migrationto urban destinations, especially for women. An analysis of the
motives formigrating confirms the existence of gendered migration patterns, as
femalemobility is mostly linked to marriage while labor mobility is
frequentlyobserved for men. |
| Keywords: | Internal Migration ; Gender Inequalities ; Rural-Urban
Migration ;Senegal |
| JEL: | J16 O15O18 R23 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tac:wpaper:2018-2019_1&r=mig ;|
- Minimum Wages andthe Labor Market Effects of Immigration
| By: | Edo,Anthony (CEPII, Paris);Rapoport, Hillel (Paris School of
Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits the non-linearity in the level of
minimum wages acrossU.S. States created by the coexistence of federal and state
regulations toinvestigate the labor market effects of immigration. We find that
the impactof immigration on the wages and employment of native workers within a
givenstate-skill cell is more negative in States with low minimum wages and
forworkers with low education and experience. That is, the minimum wage tends
toprotect native workers from competition induced by low-skill immigration.
Theresults are robust to instrumenting immigration and state effective
minimumwages, and to implementing a difference-in-differences approach
comparingStates where effective minimum wages are fully determined by the
federalminimum wage to States where this is never the case. |
| Keywords: | immigration, minimum wages, labor markets |
| JEL: | F22J61 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11778&r=mig ;|
- Impact ofInternational Remittance on Out-Farm Labor Migration in
Developing Countries: ADynamic Panel Data Analysis
| By: | Seidu,Ayuba;Onel,Gulcan;Moss, Charles Britt |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of remittances inflows on
inter-sectoralmigration of farm labor toward the non-agricultural sector. Using
a panel of77 developing countries over the period 1991–2010, we find two
opposingeffects of remittances on out-farm migration of labor. First,
remittances slowdown the out-farm migration rates by supplementing farm income
and consumptionexpenditures. Second, remittances provide a source of investment
in out-farmactivities that increase the rate of migration out of agriculture
over time.Combining these effects, our estimates indicate that a 100 percent
increase inremittances reduces the migration out of agriculture by 10 percent
over time.A major policy issue facing leaders in the developing world is
whetherinternational migration, through remittances, contributes to the
developmentprocess in migrant-sending communities or impedes the efficient
allocation oflabor and human capital at origin countries. Our results indicate
thatinternational migrant remittances help slow the rate of out-farm
labormigration through its supplemental income effect; remittances help
financefarm households’ consumption expenditures, thereby eliminating the need
tomove to non-agricultural jobs. |
| Keywords: | International Development |
| Date: | 2018–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266531&r=mig ;|
- InterdependentHazards, Local Interactions, and the Return Decision of
RecentMigrants
| By: | Bijwaard, Govert (NIDI - Netherlands Interdisciplinary
DemographicInstitute);Schluter, Christian (University of Southampton) |
| Abstract: | Consider the duration of stay of migrants in a host
country. We propose astatistical model of locally interdependent return hazards
in order to examinewhet- her interactions at the level of the neighbourhood are
present and leadto social multipliers. To estimate this model we develop and
study twocomplementary estimation strategies, demonstrate their good
performance whilestandard non-spatial estimators are shown to be heavily
biased. Using a uniquelarge administrative panel dataset for the population of
recent labourimmigrants to the Netherlands, we quantify the local social
multipliers inseveral factual and counterfactual experiments, and demonstrate
that these aresubstantial. |
| Keywords: | interdependent hazards, local interaction, social
multipliers, returnmigration |
| JEL: | C41 C10C31 J61 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11780&r=mig ;|
- Immigration andNationalism: The Importance of Identity
| By: | Francesco Flaviano Russo (Università di Napoli Federico II
andCSEF) |
| Abstract: | Increased immigration in Italy has been coupled with a
change in thecomposition of the stock of immigrants by nationality. Migrants
that come fromdifferent coun- tries and cultures bring with them different
languages,habits, norms, religions and, in general, interact differently with
the localpopulation, thereby generating different re- sponses to immigration. I
studythe relationship between this changes in the identity of the migrants and
theelectoral outcomes in Italy computing several measures of distance
betweenimmigrants and natives with respect to the language spoken, to religion
and togenetic factors that, being correlated with the vertical transmission of
normsand values, proxy for a wide range of both cultural and individual traits.
Ifind that the increased distance between immigrants and natives is
associatedwith more votes for nationalist, anti-immigration political parties. |
| Keywords: | Elections, Culture, Language, Religion. |
| JEL: | D72J61 |
| Date: | 2018–10–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sef:csefwp:511&r=mig ;|
- Theimpact of international immigration and cultural diversity on
economicperformance, public attitudes and political outcomes in Europeanregions
| By: | Chasapopoulos, Panagiotis (Tilburg University, School
ofEconomics and Management) |
| Abstract: | The dissertation consists of three empirical studies in
the field ofInternational Immigration. The first chapter examines whether the
effect ofcultural diversity on economic performance of European regions is
influencedby the level of generalized social trust and individuals’ trust in
publicinstitutions. The second chapter investigates how the origin and the
skilllevel of immigrants in European regions affect natives’ attitudes toward
them.The last chapter examines the impact of international immigration on
electoralsupport for the radical right in Dutch municipalities. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: |
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:d4a10f2a-c1a2-4edd-9887-203d697a5560&r=mig
|
- Migrant STEMEntrepreneurs
| By: | Baum, Christopher F (Boston College, DIW Berlin, and Centre of
Excellencefor Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS));Dastory,Linda (The
Department of Industrial Economics and Management, RoyalInstitute of
Technology);Lööf,Hans (Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies
(CESIS), RoyalInstitute of Technology);Stephan, Andreas (Jönköping University,
DIW Berlin, and Centre ofExcellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS))
|
| Abstract: | STEM workers are considered to be key drivers for
economic growth in thedeveloped world. Migrant workers play an increasing role
in the supply of thisoccupational category. We study the universe of STEM
workers in the Swedisheconomy over the period 2003-2015 and find that migrants
are less likely toform their own business, but those who are entrepreneurs earn
income at leastas large as that of their native-born counterparts. While the
incomedifferential for economic migrants may be partially explained
byself-selection, the estimated effect is not significantly different
betweennatives and refugee migrants. |
| Keywords: | STEM; migration; entrepreneurship; income; panel data |
| JEL: | F22J44 J61 L26 O14 |
| Date: | 2018–10–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0474&r=mig ;|
- Financial Inclusion ofGermany’s Refugees: Current Situation and Road
Ahead
| By: | Swati Mehta Dhawan |
| Abstract: | One of the most common misperceptions of the refugee
populations is thattheyare highly transitory and not permanent. However,
increasingly refugees findthemselves in protracted situations in the host
countries (spending more thanfive years) or in a legal limbo (long legal
processes for establishing theirrefugee status or those who have a ban on
deportation but no refugee status).In such situations, they often are
economically engaged, formally orinformally, to sustain themselves beyond the
government benefits. For thisreason, it is critical that access to affordable
and safe financial servicesbe included in the comprehensive solution for
refugee integration. Thesefinancial tools reduce their vulnerability by helping
them save, loweringreliance on informal channels, dealing with emergencies, and
makinginvestments to build their capacities.This research paper aims to
describe andanalyse different aspects of the financial lives of refugees and
asylumseekers (collectively ‘newcomers’) in Germany. It maps out
thecurrentsituation of access to financial services for the newcomers, their
uniquefinancial needs, and the challenges from demand as well as
supply-sideperspective. The findings of the research are based on a thorough
review ofexisting literature, qualitative in-depth interviews with newcomers,
andinterviews with key informants from the financial sector and
otherstakeholders involved in refugee integration (NGOs, social
workers,researchers, international organisations). While the focus of the
research ison financial strategies used by the newcomers, it recognises and
looks atother spheres of integration— especially social and
labourmarket—whichheavily influences their financial choices. The other key
focus of theresearch is to understand the behavioural factors and biases that
influencetheir economic and financial choices.There is no doubt that newcomers
inGermany are better off than those in many other developing host countries
(dueto welfare benefits, ability to work, training support). However, they
stillface significant barriers to achieve their economic goals and
contributesuccessfully to the economic development of the host country. One of
these isthe access to tools to improve their long-term financial resilience.
This iscurrently limited to receiving cash assistance digitally through a
bankaccount, while most of the other transactions (savings, remittances,
payments)are cash-driven and informal. This is due to a lack of understanding
of thebenefits of digital transactions, and more importantly the need to
maintainprivacy of their financial lives, as they fear to lose their welfare
benefits.In addition, the uncertainty about their future and declining
confidence inbeing able to make it into the German labour market is resulting
inineffective economic and financial behaviour. The paper further explores
thesechallenges attempting to bring in the refugees’ perspectives and
providessome initial recommendations to overcome the same. |
| Keywords: | Digitalisation, Financial inclusion, Refugees |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rem:wpaper:1182&r=mig ;|
- Agricultural Landand Rural-Urban Migration in China: A New Pattern
| By: | Xiao, Wei(Research Institute of Economics and Management,
Southwestern University ofFinance and Economics);Zhao,Guochang (Research
Institute of Economics and Management, SouthwesternUniversity of Finance and
Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of agricultural land
on rural-urbanmigration and the labor market outcomes in the context of China.
We employ therural sample of the 2009 RUMiC data, which cover approximately
8000 ruralhouseholds in 82 counties of China. We find that an increase in
theagricultural land of a household tends to increase the household
members’propensity for migration for working in cities. We also find that an
increasein land significantly decreases the number of days of migration,
increases thenumber of days of farming work, and decreases the number of days
of localnon-farming work. More interestingly, the negative effect on time for
localnon-farming work is much larger than that for non-local non-farming work.
Theincrease in the amount of agricultural land also pushes household members
tomove further. These results show us a new pattern different from
theliterature. To explain such a difference, we compare the effect of land
amongdifferent age-groups and find that the positive link between agricultural
landand rural-urban migration only exists for young people. Therefore, our
resultsmay reflect the change of the role of agricultural land over time. Our
findingthat less agricultural land hinders rural-urban migration suggests that,
tohelp rural residents access opportunities in cities, governments
shouldimplement policies targeting households with less agricultural land. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural land, rural-urban migration, time
allocation, China; Transportinfrastructure; high-speed rail; firm performance;
inventory; China |
| Date: | 2018–10–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:xjt:rieiwp:2018-09&r=mig ;|
- The Role ofInstitutions and Immigrant Networks in Firms’ Offshoring
Decisions*
| By: | SimoneMoriconi (IÉSEG School of Management);GiowanniPeri
(University of California, Davis);DarioPozzoli (Copenhagen Business School); |
| Abstract: | The offshoring of production by multinational firms has
expandeddramaticallyin recent decades, increasing these firms’ potential for
economic growth andtechnological transfers across countries. What determines
the location ofoffshore production? How do countries’ policies and
characteristics affect thefirm’s decision about where to offshore? Do firms
choose specific countriesbecause of their policies or because they know them
better? In this paper, weuse a very rich dataset on Danish firms to analyze how
decisions to offshoreproduction depend on the institutional characteristics of
the country andfirm-specific bilateral connections. We find that institutions
that enhanceinvestor protection and reduce corruption increase the probability
that firmsoffshore there, while those that increase regulation in the labor
marketdecrease such probability. We also show that a firm’s probability
ofoffshoring increases with the share of its employees who are immigrants
fromthat country of origin. |
| Keywords: | Offshoring, Product Market, Labor Regulations, Networks,
Fixed start-upCosts |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ies:wpaper:e201714&r=mig ;|
- Selling Souls: AnEmpirical Analysis of Human Trafficking and Globalization
| By: | Majeed, Muhammad Tariq;Malik,Amna |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This paper investigates the impact of
globalization on humantrafficking using a large panel data set of 169 countries
from 2001 to 2011.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study explores the
contribution of economic,social and political globalization in the trafficking
of humans for forcedprostitution, forced labor, debt bondages and child
soldiers. Moreover, thestudy investigates the impact of globalization on source
(supply) anddestination (demand) of human trafficking. This study uses Probit
and Oprobitmodels of panel data for empirical analysis. Findings: Findings of
the studyshow that globalization facilitates human trafficking, particularly,
forcedprostitution, forced labor and debt bondages while it helps to suppress
thedemand and supply of child soldiers. The empirical analysis also reveals
thatthese are the mostly poor countries which serve as source of human
traffickingwhile the rich countries are destination of trafficked victims.
ResearchLimitations: The data series over a long period are not available
andtherefore the sample size is small. Originality/Value: This research
papercontributes into the literature on human trafficking and globalization
byhighlighting the heterogeneity of source and destiny economies in shaping
thelinks of globalization with human trafficking. To the best of our
knowledge,it is first study of its kind that provides an empirical analysis of
sourceand destiny of human trafficking with globalization. Moreover, this
studyconsiders different dimensions of globalization and human
trafficking.Implications: The main message of this research is that as
globalizationproceeds, human trafficking increases. Therefore, the governments
ofdeveloping economies need to improve socioeconomic conditions to provide
basicnecessities of life at home country and the governments of developed
countriesneed to implement strong rule of the law to discourage such practices.
Ourstudy is useful in offering insights to policy makers that how to avoid
theperils of globalization. |
| Keywords: | Human Trafficking, Globalization, Probit and Oprobit
Models |
| JEL: | J61 |
| Date: | 2017–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88850&r=mig ;|
This nep-mig issue is ©2018 by Yuji Tamura. It is providedas is without any
express or implied warranty. It may be freely redistributed inwhole or in part
for any purpose. If distributed in part, please include thisnotice.General
information on the NEP project can befound at http://nep.repec.org. For ;
comments please writeto the director of NEP, Marco Novarese
at<director@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>. Put “NEP” in the subject, otherwise yourmail may be
rejected.NEP’s infrastructure is sponsored by the School of Economics and
Financeof Massey Universityin New Zealand. Use
http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-migto sign ;
off._______________________________________________
nep-mig mailing list
nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
http://lists.repec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nep-mig
