----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Tuesday, July 24,
2018, 10:13:47 PM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2018-07-23, fourteen papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2018‒07‒23
fourteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- Gravity and Migration before Railways: Evidence fromParisian Prostitutes
and Revolutionaries ByMorganKelly;CormacÓ Gráda
- Back to Square One - Socioeconomic Integration of DeportedMigrants
ByMariana-Anda David
- The long-term outcomes of refugees: tracking the progress ofthe East
African Asians ByJakeAnders;SimonBurgess;Jonathan Portes
- The Effects of Immigration in Developed Countries: Insightsfrom Recent
Economic Research
ByAnthonyEdo;LionelRagot;HillelRapoport;SulinSardoschau;Andreas Steinmayr
- Short-term migration in rural India: The Impact of natureand extent of
partcipation in agriculture ByS.Chandrasekhar;SohamSahoo
- Identifying the Factors Driving West African
MigrationByMatthewKirwin;Jessica Anderson
- Growing Up in Ethnic Enclaves: Language Proficiency andEducational
Attainment of Immigrant Children ByDanzer, Alexander M.;Feuerbaum,
Carsten;Piopiunik, Marc;Woessmann, Ludger
- A Care Convergence? Quantifying Wage Disparities for MigrantCare Workers
Across Three Welfare Regimes ByNaomiLightman
- Immigration, Housing Rents, and Residential Segregation:Evidence from
Syrian Refugees in Turkey ByBalkan,Binnur;Tok,Elif
Ozcan;Torun,Huzeyfe;Tumen,Semih
- Labor Supply Shocks and the Beveridge Curve. EmpiricalEvidence from
Austria ByStefanSchiman
- Understanding the Social and Cultural Bases of BrexitByTak
WingChan;MoragHenderson;MariaSironi;JutaKawalerowicz
- Media Coverage and Immigration Worries: EconometricEvidence ByChristine
Benesch;SimonLoretz;DavidStadelmann;TobiasThomas
- The age of mass migration in Latin America ByBlanca Sánchez-Alonso
- Where is the Destination? Understanding the Determinants ofInternational
Students’ Destination Choices upon Graduation in Ireland ByZizhenWang;Philip J
O'Connell
- Gravity and Migrationbefore Railways: Evidence from Parisian Prostitutes
andRevolutionaries
| By: | MorganKelly (University College Dublin, CAGE and CEPR);CormacÓ
Gráda (University College Dublin and CAGE) |
| Abstract: | Although urban growth historically depended on large
inflows of migrants,little is known of the process of migration in the era
before railways. Herewe use detailed data for Paris on women arrested for
prostitution in the1760s, or registered as prostitutes in the 1830s and 1850s;
and of men holdingidentity cards in the 1790s, to examine patterns of female
and male migration.We supplement these with data on all women and men buried in
1833. Migrationwas highest from areas of high living standards, measured by
literacy rates.Distance was a strong deterrent to female migration (reflecting
limitedemployment opportunities) that falls with railways, whereas its
considerablylower impact on men barely changes through the nineteenth century. |
| Keywords: | Migration, gravity, prostitution. |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0133&r=mig ;|
- Back to SquareOne - Socioeconomic Integration of Deported Migrants
| By: | Mariana-Anda David (LEDa - DIAL - Laboratoire d'Economie de
Dauphine- Equipe Economie de la mondialisation et du développement -
UniversitéParis-Dauphine, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)) |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses the issue of socioeconomic
integration of forced returnmigrants, focusing on the Maghreb countries.
Starting from the hypothesis thatthe return has to be prepared, we test whether
adisruption in the migrationcycle (such as deportation) increases the
individual’s vulnerability andaffects his integration from both a structural
and sociocultural point ofview, using the 2006 MIREM survey. We find that
forced returnees are morevulnerable to negative labour market outcomescompared
to voluntary returnees.The absence of forced returnees from the labour market,
or theirunderperformances, creates a net loss for the origin country and
alsoincentives to re-migrate. The negative effect is statistically significant
notonly immediately after return, but also in the long run, atsurvey time.
Forcedreturn is also significantly and negatively correlated with
socioculturalintegration, reflecting a marginalization of deported migrants in
their homeenvironment, which may act as a re-emigration incentive. |
| Abstract: | Dans ce papier j’analyse l’intégration socioéconomique
des migrantsqui sontforcés de rentrer dans leur pays d’origine, avec un focus
sur les pays duMaghreb. Ayant comme point de départ l’hypothèse que le retour
doit êtrepréparé, je teste si une interruption dans le cycle migratoire
(tellequel’expulsion) accroit la vulnérabilité des individus et impacte
leurintégration, à la fois d’un point de vue structurel et socioculturel,
enutilisant l’enquête MIREM. Les résultats montrent que les migrants
expulséssont plus vulnérables et réussissent moins bien sur le marché du
travail dansle paysd’origine, par rapport aux migrants qui ont choisi
volontairement derentrer. L’exclusion des rapatriésforcés du marché du travail,
ou leursituation précaire, représente une perte nette pour le pays
d’origineetrésulte en une plus forte incitation à ré-émigrer. L’effet négatif
del’expulsion sur les performances sur le marché du travail est
statistiquementsignificatif juste après le retour, mais également à plus long
terme, aumoment de l’enquête. Le retour forcé est également significativement
etnégativement corrélé avec le degré d’intégration socioculturelle,reflétantune
marginalisation des migrants expulsés dans leur environnementd’origine. |
| Keywords: | intégration socio-culturelle,Migration de
retour,migrationforcée,expulsion,marché du travail,Maghreb |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01793991&r=mig ;|
- The long-term outcomesof refugees: tracking the progress of the East
African Asians
| By: | JakeAnders (University College London);SimonBurgess
(University of Bristol);Jonathan Portes (King's College London) |
| Abstract: | Refugees are often perceived as an economic "burden", as
the current debateonthe European refugee crisis illustrates. But there is
little quantitativeevidence on the medium-term outcomes of refugees in the UK.
We fill this gapby looking at the case of "East African Asians" who arrived as
refugees in thelate 1960s and early 1970s. We use data from the UK Census to
describe theireconomic outcomes forty years later. We show that their outcomes
are at leastas good as the population average, with the younger cohort
performing better.Refugee status, as distinct from ethnicity or immigrant
status, appears tohave a positive impact. |
| Keywords: | Migration, Refugees, East African Asians |
| JEL: | J15 |
| Date: | 2018–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qss:dqsswp:1805&r=mig ;|
- The Effects ofImmigration in Developed Countries: Insights from Recent
EconomicResearch
| By: | AnthonyEdo;LionelRagot;HillelRapoport;SulinSardoschau;Andreas
Steinmayr |
| Abstract: | Immigrants currently account for 3.3% of the world’s
population. We knowthatmigration is demographically important, but what are its
implications for thelabour market, public finance and political landscape? To
answer thesequestions, this report draws on recent literature on the economic
and culturaleffects of immigration on host societies, with a focus on evidence
forEuropean countries. Although the average effects of immigration on
labourmarkets and public finance are marginal, immigration can create winners
andlosers in the native workforce. By affecting the skill composition
ofreceiving economies, an immigration-induced increase in the labour supply
canimpact wage dispersion in host countries. It is cultural concerns,
however,that tend to fuel scepticism towards immigration, with fiscal or labour
marketplaying only a secondary role. A deeper understanding of these concerns
is aprecondition for designing policies that foster a positive atmosphere
andcombat negative attitudes towards immigrants and extreme voting. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:econpr:_5&r=mig ;|
- Short-termmigration in rural India: The Impact of nature and extent of
partcipation inagriculture
| By: | S.Chandrasekhar (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development
Research);SohamSahoo (Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore) |
| Abstract: | We analyse a nationally representative data set from
India for the year 2013in order to provide evidence on how short term migration
is affected byhousehold's ownership of land, and participation in agricultural
activities.We estimate a recursive bivariate probit model recognizing the
simultaneitybetween short term migration and decision to operate land. The
results of thelikelihood ratio test imply that it would be incorrect to ignore
thissimultaneity. Households with less than 1 hectare of land and those
leasingout land are more likely to have a short term migrant (STM).
Householdsleaving their land fallow, a common occurrence in south Asia, are
more likelyto have a STM. Moreover, choice of crops and livestock farming has
asignificant role to play in migration decision. Current initiatives toincrease
coverage of irrigation and facilitating access to formal financecould improve
livelihoods of small and marginal farmers thereby reducing theprobability of
distress short-term migration. |
| Keywords: | Short term migrants; Small-marginal farmers;
Agricultural households;Mobility; Asia; India |
| JEL: | O1R2 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2018-016&r=mig ;|
- Identifying theFactors Driving West African Migration
| By: | MatthewKirwin (US Department of State);Jessica Anderson
(Institute for the Study of InternationalMigration) |
| Abstract: | Since 2014 over 600 000 African migrants have arrived in
Italy through theperilous Central Mediterranean route, and nearly 120 000
arrived in 2017. Thispaper is the first examination of migration motivations at
the individuallevel using nationally representative surveys and focus group
data collectedin West Africa. Respondents in six West African countries cite
economicfactors as the reason for migrating and those who wish to stay claim
familyand love of country as the ties that bind. The study then specifically
focuseson Nigeria, the country of origin for a quarter of all Africans
travelingthrough the Central Mediterranean route. Half of the Nigerians were
interestedin leaving their country of origin if given the opportunity, well
above thenumber in neighbouring countries. Evidence from the six-country
surveysuggests individuals are migrating for economic reasons but
statisticalanalysis of the Nigeria data reveals a different set of push factors
behindthe desire to migrate. In fact, economic standing has a limited effect
onNigerians’ desire to leave their home. Instead, individual perceptions of
thestrength of Nigeria’s democracy are most strongly associated with
Nigerians’desire to migrate abroad, in addition to low levels of trust in local
securityinstitutions. Urban and more highly educated Nigerians, especially from
Lagos,are also more likely to want to migrate abroad. These findings shed new
lighton domestic policy steps that could address the grievances and concerns
ofthose who seek to migrate. |
| Keywords: | migrants, migration, Nigeria, smuggling, West Africa |
| JEL: | J11 O15O20 R23 |
| Date: | 2018–07–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:swacaa:17-en&r=mig ;|
- Growing Up in EthnicEnclaves: Language Proficiency and Educational
Attainment of ImmigrantChildren
| By: | Danzer, Alexander M. (Catholic University of
Eichstätt-Ingolstadt);Feuerbaum, Carsten (Catholic University of
Eichstätt-Ingolstadt);Piopiunik, Marc (Ifo Institute for Economic
Research);Woessmann, Ludger (Ifo Institute for Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | Does a high regional concentration of immigrants of the
same ethnicityaffectimmigrant children’s acquisition of host-country language
skills andeducational attainment? We exploit the exogenous placement of guest
workersfrom five ethnicities across German regions during the 1960s and 1970s
in amodel with region and ethnicity fixed effects. Our results indicate
thatexposure to a higher own-ethnic concentration impairs immigrant
children’shost-country language proficiency and increases school dropout. A
keymediating factor for this effect is parents’ lower speaking proficiency in
thehost-country language, whereas inter-ethnic contacts with natives and
economicconditions do not play a role. |
| Keywords: | immigrant children, ethnic concentration, language,
education, guestworkers |
| JEL: | J15 I20R23 J61 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11608&r=mig ;|
- A Care Convergence?Quantifying Wage Disparities for Migrant Care Workers
Across Three WelfareRegimes
| By: | NaomiLightman |
| Abstract: | Social policy literature is divided on the ongoing
relevance of welfareregimetypologies given considerable heterogeneity within as
well as betweencategories. Using 2010 Luxembourg Income Study data, this study
disaggregateshigh and low status paid care work, quantifying any associate wage
bonus orwage penalty, across three welfare regimes – liberal, conservative,
andsocial democratic. In the majority of case study countries, immigrants
areless likely to work in high status care than non-immigrants with
equivalenthuman capital, suggesting access barriers to professional jobs in
health,education and social work. The reverse pattern is evidenced in the case
of lowstatus service and sales work in care, demonstrating convergence
acrosswelfare regimes. However, there is also significant wage variation within
carework. Pooled country models demonstrate a consistent wage bonus for
highstatus care work, while regime type has a moderating effect in the case of
lowstatus care work, independent of immigrant status. A care wage penalty
isfound for both immigrants and non-immigrants working in low status care
inliberal and conservative states, but no such penalty is found in the case
ofsocial democratic regimes. |
| Keywords: | -social policy, welfare regimes, work, immigration |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lis:liswps:742&r=mig ;|
- Immigration, HousingRents, and Residential Segregation: Evidence from
Syrian Refugees inTurkey
| By: | Balkan,Binnur (Central Bank of Turkey);Tok,Elif Ozcan (Central
Bank of Turkey);Torun,Huzeyfe (Central Bank of Turkey);Tumen,Semih (TED
University) |
| Abstract: | The massive inflow of Syrian refugees is argued to
drastically affectvarioussocial and economic outcomes in the hosting countries
and regions. In thispaper, we use micro-level data to investigate whether the
Syrian refugeeinflows have affected the market for housing rentals in Turkey.
The unexpectedarrival of a large number of refugees due to civil conflict in
Syria is usedto construct a quasi-experimental design. Since the construction
of newhousing units takes a long time, refugee inflow resembles a positive
demandshock to the sector. We find that the refugee inflows have led to an
increasein the rents of higher-quality housing units, while there is no
statisticallysignificant effect in the rents of lower-quality units. This
finding supportsa residential segregation story, which suggests that the
refugee wave hasincreased the demand for native-dominant neighborhoods with
better amenitiesespecially among natives. We argue that negative attitudes
towards refugees –potentially due to refugee-native conflict along several
dimensions – may begenerating this result. |
| Keywords: | Syrian refugees, immigration, housing rents,
quasi-experimental design,Turkey |
| JEL: | C21 F22R21 R23 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11611&r=mig ;|
- Labor SupplyShocks and the Beveridge Curve. Empirical Evidence from
Austria
| By: | StefanSchiman (WIFO) |
| Abstract: | Austria's Beveridge Curve has shifted markedly outwards
since labor marketaccess for Eastern European neighbors was liberalized in
2011. I quantify theeffects of labor supply shocks by means of a structural VAR
with signrestrictions, distinguish domestic-worker from foreign-worker shocks
and findthat the latter contributed considerably to the counter-clockwise
outwardmovement. On impact, the arrival of additional job seekers
facilitatesmatching but it lowers the chance for existing job seekers to be
matched,raising employment and unemployment simultaneously. In the medium
runvacancies increase, the employment surge accelerates and
unemploymentdeclines. Labor supply shocks caused by foreigners have an
unambiguous andpositive effect on domestic employment in the long run,
indicatingcomplementarity between foreign and domestic labor. On a regional
levelVienna, the capital in the east of the country, was most heavily exposed
tothe recent labor immigration boom. |
| Keywords: | labour supply shocks, Beveridge Curve, job-related
immigration, signrestrictions, structural VAR |
| Date: | 2018–07–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2018:i:568&r=mig ;|
- Understanding theSocial and Cultural Bases of Brexit
| By: | Tak WingChan (Department of Social Science, UCL Institute of
Education);MoragHenderson (Department of Social Science, UCL Institute of
Education);MariaSironi (Department of Social Science, UCL Institute of
Education);JutaKawalerowicz (Linkoping University) |
| Abstract: | We use data from a large scale and nationally
representative survey toexplorethe social and cultural bases of Brexit. There
are strong age and educationalgradients in Brexit support. Net of individual
characteristics, regionaldifferences within England become insignificant. In
fact, once local level ofimmigration is taken into account, people living in
the English regions areless pro-Leave than Londoners. It is social status, not
social class, whichpredicts Brexit support. Economic deprivation does not
predict Brexitattitude. Individuals living in areas with a higher concentration
of migrantsare actually less pro-Brexit. But recent increase in immigration
level has theopposite association. Individuals for whom being British is
important are morelikely to support Leave. But those who choose national
identity oversub-national identity and those reporting omnivorous cultural
consumption areless supportive of Brexit. Those who live in the county in which
they wereborn are more pro-Leave, but those who have stronger ties with
theirneighbours and neighbourhood, and those who are more involved in
civicassociations are pro-Remain. Overall, our results do not support
the'left-behind' narrative of Brexit. Instead, we show a strong
culturaldimension in Brexit support. |
| Date: | 2017–12–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qss:dqsswp:1715&r=mig ;|
- Media Coverage andImmigration Worries: Econometric Evidence
| By: | Christine Benesch;SimonLoretz;DavidStadelmann;TobiasThomas |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically explores the link between mass
media coverage ofmigration and immigration worries. Using detailed data on
media coverage inGermany, we show that the amount of media reports regarding
migration issuesis positively associated with concerns about immigration among
the Germanpopulation. The association is robust to the inclusion of
time-variantindividual control variables and individual fixed-effects. We
employ mediaspillovers from the neighboring country of Switzerland, which occur
due toreferendum decisions on immigration as an instrumental variable to
addressendogeneity concerns. The IV estimates suggest that media coverage has
acausal impact on immigration worries. Exploring heterogeneous effects
betweenrespondents, the results reveal that the link between media reports
andimmigration worries is particularly relevant for women and respondents
activein the workforce. |
| Keywords: | media, migration, news spillovers, political attitudes |
| JEL: | L8 D7F2 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp970&r=mig ;|
- The age of massmigration in Latin America
| By: | Blanca Sánchez-Alonso (Dept. of Economics, UniversidadCEU-San
Pablo, Madrid) |
| Abstract: | The experiences of Latin American countries are not
fully incorporated intocurrent debates concerning the age of mass migration
even though 13 millionEuropeans migrated to the region between 1870 and 1930.
This paper drawstogether different aspects of the Latin America immigration
experience. Itsmain objective is to rethink the role of European migration to
the region,addressing several major questions in the economics of migration:
whetherimmigrants were positively selected from their sending countries,
howimmigrants assimilated into the host economies, the role of
immigrationpolicies, and the long-run effects of immigration. Immigrants came
from theeconomically backward areas of Southern and Eastern Europe, yet
theiradjustment to the host labour markets in Latin America seems to have
beensuccessful. The possibility of rapid social upgrading made Latin
Americaattractive for European immigrants. Migrants were positively selected
fromorigin according to literacy. The most revealing aspect of new research
isshowing the positive long-run effects that European immigrants had in
LatinAmerican countries. The political economy of immigration policies deserves
newresearch, particularly for Brazil and Cuba. The case of Argentina shows a
morecomplex scenario than the classic representation of landowners
constantlysupporting an open-door policy. |
| Keywords: | Historical migration, Latin America, Immigrants’
selection, Socioeconomicimpact. |
| JEL: | N36 O15J61 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0134&r=mig ;|
- Where is theDestination? Understanding the Determinants of International
Students’Destination Choices upon Graduation in Ireland
| By: | ZizhenWang (School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social
Justice & GearyInstitute for Public Policy, University College Dublin,
Ireland);Philip J O'Connell (School of Social Policy, Social Work andSocial
Justice & Geary Institute for Public Policy, University CollegeDublin, Ireland)
|
| Abstract: | This study investigates the extent to which human
capital and social capitalmay influence the likelihood of staying abroad or
returning home upongraduation for international students in Ireland. The number
of students fromdeveloping countries who migrate to pursue a tertiary degree in
developedcountries is notably high in recent years. Their choices of staying in
thewest or returning home upon graduation have strong impacts both on
theirpersonal career chances as well as on the economic prospects of both host
andhome countries. Instead of surveying among on-campus students, a survey
wascarried out during October 2017 to February 2018 among international alumni
ofIrish universities in order to collect information about their
first-joblocation upon graduation. The main findings include: (1) human
capital,especially degree major and language ability, is positively associated
withthe likelihood of staying abroad, (2) bridging social capital,
especiallybridging ties embedded with resources, is positively associated with
thelikelihood of staying abroad, while bonding social capital has no
significanteffect. |
| Keywords: | international students; migration choices; human
capital; social capital,Ireland. |
| Date: | 2018–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucd:wpaper:201814&r=mig ;|
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