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From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To: "nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
<nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Sunday, June 18, 2017, 11:58:11 PM GMT-5Subject:
[nep-mig] 2017-06-18, 8 papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒06‒18
eight papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- The Economic and Social Outcomes of Refugees in the United States:
Evidence from the ACSWilliam N. Evans; Daniel Fitzgerald
- The local environment shapes refugee integration: Evidence from post-war
GermanyBraun, Sebastian; Dwenger, Nadja
- Rwandan refugee rights in Uganda: between law and practice: views from
belowAhimbisibwe, Frank
- ‘Voluntary’ repatriation of Rwandan refugees in Uganda: between law and
practice: views from belowAhimbisibwe, Frank
- New evidence on interregional mobility of students in tertiary education:
the case of ItalyIlaria De Angelis; Vincenzo Mariani; Roberto Torrini
- Estimating the Recession-Mortality Relationship when Migration
MattersVellore Arthi; Brian Beach; W. Walker Hanlon
- Still More On Mariel: The Role of RaceGeorge J. Borjas
- Public Opinion on Immigration in Europe: Preference versus SalienceHatton,
Timothy J.
- The Economic and Social Outcomes of Refugees in the United States:
Evidence from the ACS
| Date: | 2017-06 |
| By: | William N. Evans ; Daniel Fitzgerald |
| Using data from the 2010-2014 American Community Survey, we use a
procedure suggested by Capps et al. (2015) to identify refugees from the larger
group of immigrants to examine the outcomes of refugees relocated to the U.S.
Among young adults, we show that refugees that enter the U.S. before age 14
graduate high school and enter college at the same rate as natives. Refugees
that enter as older teenagers have lower attainment with much of the difference
attributable to language barriers and because many in this group are not
accompanied by a parent to the U.S. Among refugees that entered the U.S. at
ages 18-45, we follow respondents’ outcomes over a 20-year period in a
synthetic cohort. Refugees have much lower levels of education and poorer
language skills than natives and outcomes are initially poor with low
employment, high welfare use and low earnings. Outcomes improve considerably as
refugees age. After 6 years in the country, these refugees work at higher rates
than natives but they never attain the earning levels of U.S.-born respondents.
Using the NBER TAXSIM program, we estimate that refugees pay $21,000 more in
taxes than they receive in benefits over their first 20 years in the U.S. |
| JEL: | J1 J15 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23498&r=mig ;|
- The local environment shapes refugee integration: Evidence from post-war
Germany
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Braun, Sebastian ; Dwenger, Nadja |
| This paper studies how the local environment in receiving counties
affected the economic, social, and political integration of the eight million
expellees who arrived in West Germany after World War II. We first document
that integration outcomes differed dramatically across West German counties. We
then show that more industrialized counties and counties with low expellee
inflows were much more successful in integrating expellees than agrarian
counties and counties with high in inflows. Religious differences between
native West Germans and expellees had no effect on labor market outcomes, but
reduced inter-marriage rates and increased the local support for anti-expellee
parties. |
| Keywords: | Expellees,Forced
migration,Immigration,Integration,Post-War Germany |
| JEL: | J15 J61 N34 C36 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hohdps:102017&r=mig ;|
- Rwandan refugee rights in Uganda: between law and practice: views from
below
| Date: | 2017-05 |
| By: | Ahimbisibwe, Frank |
| Uganda is a host country to refugees from neighboring countries
including Rwanda. By the end of 2015, Uganda was the 8th and 3rd top refugee
hosting country in the world and Africa respectively with around 512,968
refugees on its soil. This number had increased to over 900,000 by December
2016. By May 2017, Uganda was the second refugee hosting country in the world,
with over 1.2 million refugees. Although Uganda has been praised world wide as
being friendly to refugees, its policy and treatment of Rwandan refugees has
been inconsistent with international obligations. There is a discrepancy
between the rights they are entitled to under international and municipal law
and the ones they enjoy in practice. This article analyzes this discrepancy
from the refugees’ point of view by focusing on specific rights like
non-discrimination, life, asylum, liberty and security of person and the
principle of non-refoulement. The paper inquires into the factors behind
Uganda’s violation of Rwandan refugee rights and proposes measures for
enhancing the protection of their rights. |
| Keywords: | Rwanda; Uganda; refugees; human rights |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:wpaper:201707&r=mig ;|
- ‘Voluntary’ repatriation of Rwandan refugees in Uganda: between law and
practice: views from below
| Date: | 2017-05 |
| By: | Ahimbisibwe, Frank |
| Uganda hosts refugees from neighboring countries including Rwanda. By
May 2017, Uganda was the second refugee hosting country in the world, with over
1.2 million refugees. In 2003, a tripartite agreement was signed to repatriate
25,000 Rwandan refugees. Only 850 refugees accepted to return and most of them
came back almost immediately to Uganda on the grounds of insecurity and human
rights violations in Rwanda. Although legal principles and norms exist on
voluntary repatriation, they have been violated in the case of the Rwandans’
repatriation. There exists a gap between the legal principles and the practice
of repatriation. This article analyzes this discrepancy from the refugees’
point of view by focusing on specific legalprinciples of repatriation. |
| Keywords: | Rwanda; Uganda; refugees |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:wpaper:201706&r=mig ;|
- New evidence on interregional mobility of students in tertiary education:
the case of Italy
| Date: | 2017-06 |
| By: | Ilaria De Angelis (Bank of Italy) ; Vincenzo Mariani (Bank of
Italy) ; Roberto Torrini (Bank of Italy) |
| A relatively low geographical mobility of students in the Centre and
North of the country and a large incidence of movers from southern regions to
universities located in the Centre and North are well-established features of
the Italian academic system. Exploiting a novel administrative dataset on
academic enrolments, this paper shows that the interregional mobility of
Italian students has increased in recent years. We highlight that the increase
in mobility, which has occurred in a period of declining entry rates, is not
attributable to a change in the composition of the enrolling students. We
investigate some of the main drivers of student mobility by relating regional
flows to the attractiveness of universities and show that mobility is
positively associated with the quality of research and teaching and with the
job prospects offered by the hosting university. Student flows are instead
negatively correlated with the distance between the university and the region
of origin and with drop-out rates. The empirical evidence also suggests that in
recent years the distance from the university of destination has become less
relevant in explaining mobility, whereas the role played by university quality
has increased. |
| Keywords: | university, student mobility, quality of research,
labour market JEL Classification: I20, I23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_380_17&r=mig ;|
- Estimating the Recession-Mortality Relationship when Migration Matters
| Date: | 2017-06 |
| By: | Vellore Arthi ; Brian Beach ; W. Walker Hanlon |
| A large literature following Ruhm (2000) suggests that mortality falls
during recessions and rises during booms. The panel-data approach used to
generate these results assumes that either there is no substantial migration
response to temporary changes in local economic conditions, or that any such
response is accurately captured by intercensal population estimates. To assess
the importance of these assumptions, we examine two natural experiments: the
recession in cotton textile-producing districts of Britain during the U.S.
Civil War, and the coal boom in Appalachian counties of the U.S. that followed
the OPEC oil embargo in the 1970s. In both settings, we find evidence of a
substantial migratory response. Moreover, we show that estimates of the
relationship between business cycles and mortality are highly sensitive to
assumptions related to migration. After adjusting for migration, we find that
mortality increased during the cotton recession, but was largely unaffected by
the coal boom. Overall, our results suggest that migration can meaningfully
bias estimates of the impact of business-cycle fluctuations on mortality. |
| JEL: | I1 J60 N32 N33 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23507&r=mig ;|
- Still More On Mariel: The Role of Race
| Date: | 2017-06 |
| By: | George J. Borjas |
| Card’s (1990) study of the Mariel supply shock remains an important
cornerstone of both the literature that measures the labor market impact of
immigration, and of the “stylized fact” that immigration might not have much
impact on the wage of workers in a receiving country. My recent reappraisal of
the Mariel evidence (Borjas, 2017) revealed that the wage of low-skill workers
in Miami declined substantially in the years after Mariel, and has already
encouraged a number of re-reexaminations. Most recently, Clemens and Hunt
(2017) argue that a data quirk in the CPS implies that wage trends in the
sample of non-Hispanic prime-age men examined in my paper does not correctly
represent what happened to wages in post-Mariel Miami. Specifically, there was
a substantial increase in the black share of Miami’s low-skill workforce in the
relevant period (particularly between the 1979 and 1980 survey years of the
March CPS). Because African-American men earn less than white men, this
increase in the black share would spuriously produce a drop in the average
low-skill wage in Miami. This paper examines the robustness of the evidence
presented in my original paper to statistical adjustments that control for the
increasing number of black men in Miami’s low-skill workforce. The evidence
consistently indicates that the race-adjusted low-skill wage in Miami fell
significantly relative to the wage in other labor markets shortly after 1980
before fully recovering by 1990. |
| JEL: | J0 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23504&r=mig ;|
- Public Opinion on Immigration in Europe: Preference versus Salience
| Date: | 2017-06 |
| By: | Hatton, Timothy J. |
| There is growing interest among economists in public opinion towards
immigration, something that is often seen as the foundation for restrictive
immigration policies. Existing studies have focused on the responses to survey
questions on whether the individual would prefer more or less immigration but
not on his or her assessment of its importance as a policy issue. Here I
distinguish between preference and salience. Analysis of data from the European
Social Survey and Eurobarometer indicates that these are associated with
different individual-level characteristics. At the national level these two
dimensions of public opinion move differently over time and in response to
different macro-level variables. The results suggest that both dimensions need
to be taken into account when assessing the overall climate of public opinion
towards immigration. Finally, there is some evidence that both preference and
salience are important influences on immigration policy. |
| Keywords: | Attitudes to Immigration; Public Opinion; salience |
| JEL: | D72 F22 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12084&r=mig ;|
This nep-mig issue comes without any express or implied warranty. You may
contact the editor by reply to this mail.General information on the NEP project
can be found at http://nep.repec.org. For comments please write to the director ;
of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director @ nep point repec point org >.The
infrastructure of NEP is sponsored by the School of Economics and Finance,
Massey University, New Zealand.Use
http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-mig to sign ;
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http://lists.repec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nep-mignep-mig New Economics Papers on Economics of Human Migration
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
Issue of 2017â06â18 â
eight papers chosen by â
Yuji Tamura (La Trobe â
University) â
â
â
http://ep.repec.org/pta90 â
âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. The Economic and Social Outcomes of Refugees in the United States: Evidence
from the ACS
William N. Evans; Daniel Fitzgerald
2. The local environment shapes refugee integration: Evidence from post-war
Germany
Braun, Sebastian; Dwenger, Nadja
3. Rwandan refugee rights in Uganda: between law and practice: views from below
Ahimbisibwe, Frank
4. âVoluntaryâ repatriation of Rwandan refugees in Uganda: between law and
practice: views from below
Ahimbisibwe, Frank
5. New evidence on interregional mobility of students in tertiary education:
the case of Italy
Ilaria De Angelis; Vincenzo Mariani; Roberto Torrini
6. Estimating the Recession-Mortality Relationship when Migration Matters
Vellore Arthi; Brian Beach; W. Walker Hanlon
7. Still More On Mariel: The Role of Race
George J. Borjas
8. Public Opinion on Immigration in Europe: Preference versus Salience
Hatton, Timothy J.
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. The Economic and Social Outcomes of Refugees in the United States: Evidence
from the ACS
William N. Evans
Daniel Fitzgerald
Using data from the 2010-2014 American Community Survey, we use a procedure
suggested by Capps et al. (2015) to identify refugees from the larger group
of immigrants to examine the outcomes of refugees relocated to the U.S. Among
young adults, we show that refugees that enter the U.S. before age 14
graduate high school and enter college at the same rate as natives. Refugees
that enter as older teenagers have lower attainment with much of the
difference attributable to language barriers and because many in this group
are not accompanied by a parent to the U.S. Among refugees that entered the
U.S. at ages 18-45, we follow respondentsâ outcomes over a 20-year period in
a synthetic cohort. Refugees have much lower levels of education and poorer
language skills than natives and outcomes are initially poor with low
employment, high welfare use and low earnings. Outcomes improve considerably
as refugees age. After 6 years in the country, these refugees work at higher
rates than natives but they never attain the earning levels of U.S.-born
respondents. Using the NBER TAXSIM program, we estimate that refugees pay
$21,000 more in taxes than they receive in benefits over their first 20 years
in the U.S.
JEL: J1 J15 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23498&r=mig
2. The local environment shapes refugee integration: Evidence from post-war
Germany
Braun, Sebastian
Dwenger, Nadja
This paper studies how the local environment in receiving counties affected
the economic, social, and political integration of the eight million
expellees who arrived in West Germany after World War II. We first document
that integration outcomes differed dramatically across West German counties.
We then show that more industrialized counties and counties with low expellee
inflows were much more successful in integrating expellees than agrarian
counties and counties with high in inflows. Religious differences between
native West Germans and expellees had no effect on labor market outcomes, but
reduced inter-marriage rates and increased the local support for
anti-expellee parties.
Keywords: Expellees,Forced migration,Immigration,Integration,Post-War
Germany
JEL: J15 J61 N34 C36
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hohdps:102017&r=mig
3. Rwandan refugee rights in Uganda: between law and practice: views from below
Ahimbisibwe, Frank
Uganda is a host country to refugees from neighboring countries including
Rwanda. By the end of 2015, Uganda was the 8th and 3rd top refugee hosting
country in the world and Africa respectively with around 512,968 refugees on
its soil. This number had increased to over 900,000 by December 2016. By May
2017, Uganda was the second refugee hosting country in the world, with over
1.2 million refugees. Although Uganda has been praised world wide as being
friendly to refugees, its policy and treatment of Rwandan refugees has been
inconsistent with international obligations. There is a discrepancy between
the rights they are entitled to under international and municipal law and the
ones they enjoy in practice. This article analyzes this discrepancy from the
refugeesâ point of view by focusing on specific rights like
non-discrimination, life, asylum, liberty and security of person and the
principle of non-refoulement. The paper inquires into the factors behind
Ugandaâs violation of Rwandan refugee rights and proposes measures for
enhancing the protection of their rights.
Keywords: Rwanda; Uganda; refugees; human rights
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:wpaper:201707&r=mig
4. âVoluntaryâ repatriation of Rwandan refugees in Uganda: between law and
practice: views from below
Ahimbisibwe, Frank
Uganda hosts refugees from neighboring countries including Rwanda. By May
2017, Uganda was the second refugee hosting country in the world, with over
1.2 million refugees. In 2003, a tripartite agreement was signed to
repatriate 25,000 Rwandan refugees. Only 850 refugees accepted to return and
most of them came back almost immediately to Uganda on the grounds of
insecurity and human rights violations in Rwanda. Although legal principles
and norms exist on voluntary repatriation, they have been violated in the
case of the Rwandansâ repatriation. There exists a gap between the legal
principles and the practice of repatriation. This article analyzes this
discrepancy from the refugeesâ point of view by focusing on specific
legalprinciples of repatriation.
Keywords: Rwanda; Uganda; refugees
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:wpaper:201706&r=mig
5. New evidence on interregional mobility of students in tertiary education:
the case of Italy
Ilaria De Angelis (Bank of Italy)
Vincenzo Mariani (Bank of Italy)
Roberto Torrini (Bank of Italy)
A relatively low geographical mobility of students in the Centre and North of
the country and a large incidence of movers from southern regions to
universities located in the Centre and North are well-established features of
the Italian academic system. Exploiting a novel administrative dataset on
academic enrolments, this paper shows that the interregional mobility of
Italian students has increased in recent years. We highlight that the
increase in mobility, which has occurred in a period of declining entry
rates, is not attributable to a change in the composition of the enrolling
students. We investigate some of the main drivers of student mobility by
relating regional flows to the attractiveness of universities and show that
mobility is positively associated with the quality of research and teaching
and with the job prospects offered by the hosting university. Student flows
are instead negatively correlated with the distance between the university
and the region of origin and with drop-out rates. The empirical evidence also
suggests that in recent years the distance from the university of destination
has become less relevant in explaining mobility, whereas the role played by
university quality has increased.
Keywords: university, student mobility, quality of research, labour market
JEL Classification: I20, I23
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_380_17&r=mig
6. Estimating the Recession-Mortality Relationship when Migration Matters
Vellore Arthi
Brian Beach
W. Walker Hanlon
A large literature following Ruhm (2000) suggests that mortality falls during
recessions and rises during booms. The panel-data approach used to generate
these results assumes that either there is no substantial migration response
to temporary changes in local economic conditions, or that any such response
is accurately captured by intercensal population estimates. To assess the
importance of these assumptions, we examine two natural experiments: the
recession in cotton textile-producing districts of Britain during the U.S.
Civil War, and the coal boom in Appalachian counties of the U.S. that
followed the OPEC oil embargo in the 1970s. In both settings, we find
evidence of a substantial migratory response. Moreover, we show that
estimates of the relationship between business cycles and mortality are
highly sensitive to assumptions related to migration. After adjusting for
migration, we find that mortality increased during the cotton recession, but
was largely unaffected by the coal boom. Overall, our results suggest that
migration can meaningfully bias estimates of the impact of business-cycle
fluctuations on mortality.
JEL: I1 J60 N32 N33
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23507&r=mig
7. Still More On Mariel: The Role of Race
George J. Borjas
Cardâs (1990) study of the Mariel supply shock remains an important
cornerstone of both the literature that measures the labor market impact of
immigration, and of the âstylized factâ that immigration might not have
much
impact on the wage of workers in a receiving country. My recent reappraisal
of the Mariel evidence (Borjas, 2017) revealed that the wage of low-skill
workers in Miami declined substantially in the years after Mariel, and has
already encouraged a number of re-reexaminations. Most recently, Clemens and
Hunt (2017) argue that a data quirk in the CPS implies that wage trends in
the sample of non-Hispanic prime-age men examined in my paper does not
correctly represent what happened to wages in post-Mariel Miami.
Specifically, there was a substantial increase in the black share of Miamiâs
low-skill workforce in the relevant period (particularly between the 1979 and
1980 survey years of the March CPS). Because African-American men earn less
than white men, this increase in the black share would spuriously produce a
drop in the average low-skill wage in Miami. This paper examines the
robustness of the evidence presented in my original paper to statistical
adjustments that control for the increasing number of black men in Miamiâs
low-skill workforce. The evidence consistently indicates that the
race-adjusted low-skill wage in Miami fell significantly relative to the wage
in other labor markets shortly after 1980 before fully recovering by 1990.
JEL: J0 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23504&r=mig
8. Public Opinion on Immigration in Europe: Preference versus Salience
Hatton, Timothy J.
There is growing interest among economists in public opinion towards
immigration, something that is often seen as the foundation for restrictive
immigration policies. Existing studies have focused on the responses to
survey questions on whether the individual would prefer more or less
immigration but not on his or her assessment of its importance as a policy
issue. Here I distinguish between preference and salience. Analysis of data
from the European Social Survey and Eurobarometer indicates that these are
associated with different individual-level characteristics. At the national
level these two dimensions of public opinion move differently over time and
in response to different macro-level variables. The results suggest that both
dimensions need to be taken into account when assessing the overall climate
of public opinion towards immigration. Finally, there is some evidence that
both preference and salience are important influences on immigration policy.
Keywords: Attitudes to Immigration; Public Opinion; salience
JEL: D72 F22 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12084&r=mig
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
This nep-mig issue comes without any express or implied warranty. You may
contact the editor by reply to this mail.
General information on the NEP project can be found at http://nep.repec.org. ;
For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director
@ nep point repec point org >.
The infrastructure of NEP is sponsored by the School of Economics and Finance,
Massey University, New Zealand.
Use http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-mig to sign off.
