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From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
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Sent: Sunday, April 23, 2017 8:29 PM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2017-04-23, 11 papers
nep-mig 2017-04-23 papers
|
| nep-mig | New EconomicsPapers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒04‒23
eleven papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Integration of immigrants in hostcountries - what we know and what
worksTommasoFrattini
- Migration Policy: Lessons fromCooperativesMargit Osterloh; Bruno S. Frey
- Migrants and the Making ofAmerica: The Short- and Long-Run Effects of
Immigration during the Age of MassMigrationSandra Sequeira; Nathan Nunn; Nancy
Qian
- Challenged by Migration:Europe’s OptionsConstant, Amelie F.; Zimmermann,
KlausF.
- Wages, Wellbeing and Location:Slaving Away in Sydney or Cruising on the
Gold CoastArthurGrimes; Judd Ormsby; Kate Preston
- Migration and Gender: Who Gainsand in Which Ways?Kate Preston; Arthur
Grimes
- Highly Skilled Immigrants'Occupational Choices and the Japanese Employment
SystemHASHIMOTOYuki
- Immigration Restrictions as ActiveLabor Market Policy: Evidence from the
Mexican Bracero Exclusion - Working Paper451Michael Clemens, Ethan Lewis,
Hannah Postel
- The impact of hosting refugees onthe intra-household allocation of tasks:
A genderperspectiveIsabel Ruiz; Carlos Vargas-Silva
- The Labor Market Effects of aRefugee Wave: Synthetic Control Method Meets
the MarielBoatliftPeri, Giovanni; Yasenov, Vasil
- Occupational mismatch ofimmigrants in Europe: The role of education and
cognitiveskillsCim, Merve; Kind, Michael Sebastian; Kleibrink,Jan
- Integration ofimmigrants in host countries - what we know and whatworks
| Date: | 2017-04-10 |
| By: | Tommaso Frattini (Università degli Studi di Milano) |
| Integration of immigrants is at the forefront of policyconcerns in many
countries. This paperstarts by documenting that in most European countries
immigrants facesignificant labour marketdisadvantages relative to natives. Then
it discusses how public policies mayaffect immigrants’integration. First, we
review the evidence on the effectiveness of language andintroductioncourses.
Then, we discuss how different aspects of the migration policyframework may
determineimmigrants’ integration patterns. In particular, based on a review
of therecent literature, wehighlight the role of visa length and of
predictability about migration durationin shapingmigrants’ decisions on
investments in country-specific human and socialcapital. Further, wediscuss
implications for refugee migration and also review the role ofcitizenship
acquisitionrules. The paper ends with an outlook of the consequences for
sendingcountries. |
| Keywords: | migration policy, citizenship, refugeemigration |
| JEL: | F22 J15 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:427&r=mig ;|
- Migration Policy:Lessons from Cooperatives
| Date: | 2017-04 |
| By: | Margit Osterloh ; Bruno S.Frey |
| We propose an immigration policy based the model ofcooperatives.
Incoming migrants have toacquire a participation certificate. In exchange, the
immigrants may enter thecountry of choicewithout danger. The revenue goes to
the country of the recipient nation ratherthan to humansmugglers. The cost
would be much lower than today’s efforts to secure theborders. Asylum
seekersget back the money paid for the certificate. Immigration is therewith
regulatedmore efficientlythan today. Not all entrance barriers and coercive
measures to prevent illegalentry woulddisappear. However, the pressure of
illegal migrants is stronglyreduced. |
| Keywords: | Immigration; asylum;cooperatives; participation
certificates; borders |
| JEL: | D71 F22 F66 J46 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cra:wpaper:2017-04&r=mig ;|
- Migrants and theMaking of America: The Short- and Long-Run Effects of
Immigration during the Ageof Mass Migration
| Date: | 2017-03 |
| By: | Sandra Sequeira ; NathanNunn ; Nancy Qian |
| We study the effects of European immigration to the UnitedStates during
the Age of Mass Migration(1850-1920) on economic prosperity today. We exploit
variation in the extent ofimmigration acrosscounties arising from the
interaction of fluctuations in aggregate immigrantflows and the
gradualexpansion of the railway network across the United States. We find
thatlocations with morehistorical immigration today have higher incomes, less
poverty, lessunemployment, higher rates ofurbanization, and greater educational
attainment. The long-run effects appear toarise from thepersistence of sizeable
short-run benefits, including greater industrialization,increasedagricultural
productivity, and more innovation. |
| JEL: | N31 N32 N61 N62 N71 N72 N91 N92 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23289&r=mig ;|
- Challenged byMigration: Europe’s Options
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Constant, Amelie F. ; Zimmermann, Klaus F. |
| This paper examines the migration and labor mobility in theEuropean
Union and elaborates on theirimportance for the existence of the EU. Against
all measures of success, thecurrent public debateseems to suggest that the
political consensus that migration is beneficial isbroken. This comeswith a
crisis of European institutions in general. Migration and labor mobilityhave
not been atthe origin of the perceived cultural shift. The EU in its current
form andambition couldperfectly survive or collapse even if it solves its
migration challenge. But itwill most likelycollapse, if it fails to solve the
mobility issue by not preserving freeinternal labor mobilityand not
establishing a joint external migration policy. |
| Keywords: | labor mobility,migration,EuropeanUnion,refugees |
| JEL: | D01 D02 D61 F02 F16 F22 F66 J6 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:46&r=mig ;|
- Wages, Wellbeingand Location: Slaving Away in Sydney or Cruising on the
GoldCoast
| Date: | 2017-04 |
| By: | Arthur Grimes (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) ;
JuddOrmsby (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) ; KatePreston (Motu
Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| We analyse the relationships between subjective wellbeing(SWB), wages
and internal migration. Ourstudy addresses whether people make (revealed
preference) location decisionsbased on SWB and/orwage prospects. We present
both a theoretical intertemporal location choicemodel and empiricalanalyses
using the Australian longitudinal HILDA dataset. Our theory
predictsconsiderableheterogeneity in location choices for individuals at
different life stagesdepending on theirindividual characteristics, including
their rate of time preference. We find asignificant andsustained uplift in SWB
for migrants, which holds across a range of sub-samples.By contrast,
wageresponses are muted albeit with heterogeneity across groups. Our theory
andresults show thatmigration decisions are considered within a life-cycle
context. The estimatedpronounced upturn inSWB for migrants substantiates the
usefulness of SWB both as a concept forpolicy-makers to targetand for
researchers to incorporate in their studies. |
| Keywords: | Regional migration,wages, subjective wellbeing,
non-pecuniary amenities. |
| JEL: | D91 H75 I31 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:17_07&r=mig ;|
- Migration andGender: Who Gains and in Which Ways?
| Date: | 2017-04 |
| By: | Kate Preston (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) ;
ArthurGrimes (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| Empirical studies have consistently documented that whilemarried men
tend to lead more prosperouscareers after moving than before, migration tends
to be disruptive for thecareers of marriedwomen. However, there has been little
exploration of the interaction ofnon-economic outcomes ofmigration by gender
and relationship-status. We explore whether migration isfollowed by a changein
subjective wellbeing (SWB), and how this experience differs by individuals
ofdifferent genderand relationship-status. These results are compared to wage
differencesfollowing migration. Wefurther analyse how outcomes differ according
to the motivation for moving,including motivationsfor moving of both partners
in a couple relationship. Our empirical estimatesuse longitudinaldata on
internal migrants in the Australian HILDA dataset. We show that femaleshave a
strongertendency than males to reach higher levels of SWB after moving, while
males havea strongertendency than females to increase their earnings. These
gender differences aremostly notsignificant for single individuals, but become
quite pronounced for couples.Differences tend tonarrow, but do not disappear,
once we account for motivations for moving ofindividuals and, whererelevant, of
their partner. In particular, those who move for work-relatedreasons
experiencehigher wage incomes after moving, regardless of gender
orrelationship-status. |
| Keywords: | Migration, gender,relationship-status, subjective
wellbeing, wages. |
| JEL: | D13 I31 J16 J22 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:17_08&r=mig ;|
- Highly SkilledImmigrants' Occupational Choices and the Japanese
EmploymentSystem
| Date: | 2017-04 |
| By: | HASHIMOTO Yuki |
| This paper investigates the characteristics of educatedimmigrants'
occupational choices usingmicrodata from the 2000 and 2010 Japanese censuses.
Considering the practices ofthe Japaneselabor market, we assume that educated
immigrants who missed the timing of "portof entry" justafter graduation find it
difficult to join individual firms' internal labormarkets, and suchpeople have
little choice but to work in Type I (professional or technical)occupations
usinggeneral skills or their country-specific skills to complement Japanese
workers.In contrast, weassume that educated immigrants who have lived in Japan
for relatively longer orJapan-educatedimmigrants can choose either Type I or
Type II (managerial or clerical)occupations and commit tothe Japanese
employment system (JES). Using data analysis, we observe strikingdifferences
betweenType I and Type II immigrants. Immigrants from developed countries are
morelikely to work in TypeI occupations while those from East Asian countries,
such as Korea and China,are more likely towork in Type II occupations. This
variation can be partly explained by theindustry in which theyconcentrate,
their period of stay in Japan, and their place of education (Japanor
otherwise). Thedifferent nature of embeddedness in the JES also affects the
networks on whichworkers of eachtype depend when they are looking for
employment in a given region. While Type Iimmigrants aremore likely to obtain a
job in an area with a greater number of Japanese workersin the sameindustry as
compared with Type II immigrants, they are less likely to work in anarea with
alarger population of immigrants of the same nationality. Instead their
decisionson occupationallocation have been more affected by a highly-skilled
network regardless ofnationality. Also, forType I workers, the highly-skilled
immigrants' network has contrasting effectsdepending oneconomic conditions. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:17059&r=mig ;|
- ImmigrationRestrictions as Active Labor Market Policy: Evidence from the
Mexican BraceroExclusion - Working Paper 451
| Date: | 2017-04 |
| By: | Michael Clemens, Ethan Lewis, HannahPostel |
| An important class of active labor market policy hasreceived little
rigorous impact evaluation:immigration barriers intended to improve the terms
of employment for domesticworkers bydeliberately shrinking the workforce.
Recent advances in the theory ofendogenous technical changesuggest that such
policies could have limited or even perverse labor marketeffects, but
empiricaltests are scarce. We study a natural experiment that excluded almost
half amillion Mexican‘bracero’ seasonal agricultural workers from the United
States, with thestated goal of raisingwages and employment for domestic farm
workers. We build a simple model toclarify how the labormarket effects of
bracero exclusion depend on assumptions about productiontechnology, and test
itby collecting novel archival data on the bracero program that allow us
tomeasure state-levelexposure to exclusion for the first time. We reject the
wage effect of braceroexclusion requiredby the model in the absence of induced
technical change, and fail to reject thehypothesis thatexclusion had no eect on
US agricultural wages or employment. Importantmechanisms for this resultinclude
both adoption of less labor-intensive technologies and shifts in cropmix. |
| JEL: | J08 J38 F22 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:451&r=mig ;|
- The impact ofhosting refugees on the intra-household allocation of tasks:
A genderperspective
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Isabel Ruiz ; Carlos Vargas-Silva |
| This paper examines whether the presence of refugees altersthe
intra-household allocation oftasks across genders in the hosting population.
Using panel data (pre- andpost-refugee inflow)from Kagera, a rural region of
Tanzania, we find that the refugee shock led towomen being lesslikely to engage
in employment outside the household and more likely to engagein household
choresrelative to men. This is probably the result of the environmental
degradationthat accompanied thearrival of refugees and the additional
competition for natural resources such aswood and water.However, the results
differ by (pre-shock) literacy and maths skill. For womenwho could read
andperform simple written mathematical operations the refugee shock resulted in
ahigher likelihoodof engaging in outside employment. On the other hand, higher
exposure to therefugee shockresulted in illiterate women being more likely to
engage in farming andhousehold chores. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2017-66&r=mig ;|
- The Labor MarketEffects of a Refugee Wave: Synthetic Control Method Meets
the MarielBoatlift
| Date: | 2017-03 |
| By: | Peri, Giovanni (University of California, Davis) ;
Yasenov,Vasil (University of California, Davis) |
| We apply the Synthetic Control Method to re-examine theeffects of the
Mariel Boatlift, a largeinflow of Cubans into Miami in 1980, first studied by
David Card (1990). Thismethod improves onprevious studies by choosing a control
group so as to best match Miami's labormarket featuresbefore the Boatlift. We
also provide reliable standard errors for the inference.Using data fromthe
larger and more precise May-ORG Current Population Survey (CPS) one finds
nosignificantdeparture of wages and employment of low-skilled workers between
Miami and itscontrol after 1979.The result is robust to several checks. |
| Keywords: | immigration,wages, mariel boatlift, synthetic control
method, measurementerror |
| JEL: | J3J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10605&r=mig ;|
- Occupationalmismatch of immigrants in Europe: The role of education and
cognitiveskills
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Cim, Merve ; Kind, Michael Sebastian ; Kleibrink, Jan |
| Occupational mismatch is a wide-spread phenomenon amongimmigrants in
many European countries.Mismatch, predominantly measured in terms of education,
is often regarded as awaste of humancapital. Such discussions, however, ignore
the imperfect comparability ofinternationaleducational degrees when comparing
immigrants to natives. An accurate analysisof occupationalmismatch requires
looking beyond internationally incomparable educationaldegrees and
consideringmore comparable skill measures. Using PIAAC data, it is possible to
exploitinternationallycomparable cognitive skill measures to analyze the
presence of mismatchdisparities betweenimmigrants and natives. This allows us
to examine whether overeducation impliesonly an apparentphenomenon or rather a
genuine overqualification observed also in the form ofcognitiveoverskilling. In
this study, we analyze differences in the incidence of beingovereducated
andbeing cognitively overskilled between immigrants and natives in 11
Europeancountries. Resultsshow that immigrants are more likely to be
overeducated than natives, while theopposite is truefor being cognitively
overskilled. Furthermore, significant heterogeneity amongimmigrants in
theincidence of overeducation and cognitive overskilling can be detected. |
| Keywords: | Occupationalmismatch,migration,education,cognitive
skills |
| JEL: | I21 J15 J24 J71 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:687&r=mig ;|
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http://lists.repec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nep-mignep-mig New Economics Papers on Economics of Human Migration
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
Issue of 2017â04â23 â
eleven papers chosen by â
Yuji Tamura (La Trobe â
University) â
â
â
http://ep.repec.org/pta90 â
âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. Integration of immigrants in host countries - what we know and what works
Tommaso Frattini
2. Migration Policy: Lessons from Cooperatives
Margit Osterloh; Bruno S. Frey
3. Migrants and the Making of America: The Short- and Long-Run Effects of
Immigration during the Age of Mass Migration
Sandra Sequeira; Nathan Nunn; Nancy Qian
4. Challenged by Migration: Europeâs Options
Constant, Amelie F.; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
5. Wages, Wellbeing and Location: Slaving Away in Sydney or Cruising on the
Gold Coast
Arthur Grimes; Judd Ormsby; Kate Preston
6. Migration and Gender: Who Gains and in Which Ways?
Kate Preston; Arthur Grimes
7. Highly Skilled Immigrants' Occupational Choices and the Japanese
Employment System
HASHIMOTO Yuki
8. Immigration Restrictions as Active Labor Market Policy: Evidence from the
Mexican Bracero Exclusion - Working Paper 451
Michael Clemens, Ethan Lewis, Hannah Postel
9. The impact of hosting refugees on the intra-household allocation of tasks:
A gender perspective
Isabel Ruiz; Carlos Vargas-Silva
10. The Labor Market Effects of a Refugee Wave: Synthetic Control Method Meets
the Mariel Boatlift
Peri, Giovanni; Yasenov, Vasil
11. Occupational mismatch of immigrants in Europe: The role of education and
cognitive skills
Cim, Merve; Kind, Michael Sebastian; Kleibrink, Jan
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. Integration of immigrants in host countries - what we know and what works
Tommaso Frattini (Università degli Studi di Milano)
Integration of immigrants is at the forefront of policy concerns in many
countries. This paper starts by documenting that in most European countries
immigrants face significant labour market disadvantages relative to natives.
Then it discusses how public policies may affect immigrantsââ¬â¢
integration.
First, we review the evidence on the effectiveness of language and
introduction courses. Then, we discuss how different aspects of the migration
policy framework may determine immigrantsââ¬â¢ integration patterns. In
particular, based on a review of the recent literature, we highlight the role
of visa length and of predictability about migration duration in shaping
migrantsââ¬â¢ decisions on investments in country-specific human and social
capital. Further, we discuss implications for refugee migration and also
review the role of citizenship acquisition rules. The paper ends with an
outlook of the consequences for sending countries.
Keywords: migration policy, citizenship, refugee migration
JEL: F22 J15 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:427&r=mig
2. Migration Policy: Lessons from Cooperatives
Margit Osterloh
Bruno S. Frey
We propose an immigration policy based the model of cooperatives. Incoming
migrants have to acquire a participation certificate. In exchange, the
immigrants may enter the country of choice without danger. The revenue goes
to the country of the recipient nation rather than to human smugglers. The
cost would be much lower than todayâs efforts to secure the borders. Asylum
seekers get back the money paid for the certificate. Immigration is therewith
regulated more efficiently than today. Not all entrance barriers and coercive
measures to prevent illegal entry would disappear. However, the pressure of
illegal migrants is strongly reduced.
Keywords: Immigration; asylum; cooperatives; participation certificates;
borders
JEL: D71 F22 F66 J46 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cra:wpaper:2017-04&r=mig
3. Migrants and the Making of America: The Short- and Long-Run Effects of
Immigration during the Age of Mass Migration
Sandra Sequeira
Nathan Nunn
Nancy Qian
We study the effects of European immigration to the United States during the
Age of Mass Migration (1850-1920) on economic prosperity today. We exploit
variation in the extent of immigration across counties arising from the
interaction of fluctuations in aggregate immigrant flows and the gradual
expansion of the railway network across the United States. We find that
locations with more historical immigration today have higher incomes, less
poverty, less unemployment, higher rates of urbanization, and greater
educational attainment. The long-run effects appear to arise from the
persistence of sizeable short-run benefits, including greater
industrialization, increased agricultural productivity, and more innovation.
JEL: N31 N32 N61 N62 N71 N72 N91 N92
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23289&r=mig
4. Challenged by Migration: Europeâs Options
Constant, Amelie F.
Zimmermann, Klaus F.
This paper examines the migration and labor mobility in the European Union
and elaborates on their importance for the existence of the EU. Against all
measures of success, the current public debate seems to suggest that the
political consensus that migration is beneficial is broken. This comes with a
crisis of European institutions in general. Migration and labor mobility have
not been at the origin of the perceived cultural shift. The EU in its current
form and ambition could perfectly survive or collapse even if it solves its
migration challenge. But it will most likely collapse, if it fails to solve
the mobility issue by not preserving free internal labor mobility and not
establishing a joint external migration policy.
Keywords: labor mobility,migration,European Union,refugees
JEL: D01 D02 D61 F02 F16 F22 F66 J6
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:46&r=mig
5. Wages, Wellbeing and Location: Slaving Away in Sydney or Cruising on the
Gold Coast
Arthur Grimes (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research)
Judd Ormsby (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research)
Kate Preston (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research)
We analyse the relationships between subjective wellbeing (SWB), wages and
internal migration. Our study addresses whether people make (revealed
preference) location decisions based on SWB and/or wage prospects. We present
both a theoretical intertemporal location choice model and empirical analyses
using the Australian longitudinal HILDA dataset. Our theory predicts
considerable heterogeneity in location choices for individuals at different
life stages depending on their individual characteristics, including their
rate of time preference. We find a significant and sustained uplift in SWB
for migrants, which holds across a range of sub-samples. By contrast, wage
responses are muted albeit with heterogeneity across groups. Our theory and
results show that migration decisions are considered within a life-cycle
context. The estimated pronounced upturn in SWB for migrants substantiates
the usefulness of SWB both as a concept for policy-makers to target and for
researchers to incorporate in their studies.
Keywords: Regional migration, wages, subjective wellbeing, non-pecuniary
amenities.
JEL: D91 H75 I31 R23
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:17_07&r=mig
6. Migration and Gender: Who Gains and in Which Ways?
Kate Preston (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research)
Arthur Grimes (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research)
Empirical studies have consistently documented that while married men tend to
lead more prosperous careers after moving than before, migration tends to be
disruptive for the careers of married women. However, there has been little
exploration of the interaction of non-economic outcomes of migration by
gender and relationship-status. We explore whether migration is followed by a
change in subjective wellbeing (SWB), and how this experience differs by
individuals of different gender and relationship-status. These results are
compared to wage differences following migration. We further analyse how
outcomes differ according to the motivation for moving, including motivations
for moving of both partners in a couple relationship. Our empirical estimates
use longitudinal data on internal migrants in the Australian HILDA dataset.
We show that females have a stronger tendency than males to reach higher
levels of SWB after moving, while males have a stronger tendency than females
to increase their earnings. These gender differences are mostly not
significant for single individuals, but become quite pronounced for couples.
Differences tend to narrow, but do not disappear, once we account for
motivations for moving of individuals and, where relevant, of their partner.
In particular, those who move for work-related reasons experience higher wage
incomes after moving, regardless of gender or relationship-status.
Keywords: Migration, gender, relationship-status, subjective wellbeing,
wages.
JEL: D13 I31 J16 J22 R23
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:17_08&r=mig
7. Highly Skilled Immigrants' Occupational Choices and the Japanese
Employment System
HASHIMOTO Yuki
This paper investigates the characteristics of educated immigrants'
occupational choices using microdata from the 2000 and 2010 Japanese
censuses. Considering the practices of the Japanese labor market, we assume
that educated immigrants who missed the timing of "port of entry" just after
graduation find it difficult to join individual firms' internal labor
markets, and such people have little choice but to work in Type I
(professional or technical) occupations using general skills or their
country-specific skills to complement Japanese workers. In contrast, we
assume that educated immigrants who have lived in Japan for relatively longer
or Japan-educated immigrants can choose either Type I or Type II (managerial
or clerical) occupations and commit to the Japanese employment system (JES).
Using data analysis, we observe striking differences between Type I and Type
II immigrants. Immigrants from developed countries are more likely to work in
Type I occupations while those from East Asian countries, such as Korea and
China, are more likely to work in Type II occupations. This variation can be
partly explained by the industry in which they concentrate, their period of
stay in Japan, and their place of education (Japan or otherwise). The
different nature of embeddedness in the JES also affects the networks on
which workers of each type depend when they are looking for employment in a
given region. While Type I immigrants are more likely to obtain a job in an
area with a greater number of Japanese workers in the same industry as
compared with Type II immigrants, they are less likely to work in an area
with a larger population of immigrants of the same nationality. Instead their
decisions on occupational location have been more affected by a
highly-skilled network regardless of nationality. Also, for Type I workers,
the highly-skilled immigrants' network has contrasting effects depending on
economic conditions.
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:17059&r=mig
8. Immigration Restrictions as Active Labor Market Policy: Evidence from the
Mexican Bracero Exclusion - Working Paper 451
Michael Clemens, Ethan Lewis, Hannah Postel
An important class of active labor market policy has received little rigorous
impact evaluation: immigration barriers intended to improve the terms of
employment for domestic workers by deliberately shrinking the workforce.
Recent advances in the theory of endogenous technical change suggest that
such policies could have limited or even perverse labor market effects, but
empirical tests are scarce. We study a natural experiment that excluded
almost half a million Mexican âbraceroâ seasonal agricultural workers from
the United States, with the stated goal of raising wages and employment for
domestic farm workers. We build a simple model to clarify how the labor
market effects of bracero exclusion depend on assumptions about production
technology, and test it by collecting novel archival data on the bracero
program that allow us to measure state-level exposure to exclusion for the
first time. We reject the wage effect of bracero exclusion required by the
model in the absence of induced technical change, and fail to reject the
hypothesis that exclusion had no eect on US agricultural wages or employment.
Important mechanisms for this result include both adoption of less
labor-intensive technologies and shifts in crop mix.
JEL: J08 J38 F22 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:451&r=mig
9. The impact of hosting refugees on the intra-household allocation of tasks:
A gender perspective
Isabel Ruiz
Carlos Vargas-Silva
This paper examines whether the presence of refugees alters the
intra-household allocation of tasks across genders in the hosting population.
Using panel data (pre- and post-refugee inflow) from Kagera, a rural region
of Tanzania, we find that the refugee shock led to women being less likely to
engage in employment outside the household and more likely to engage in
household chores relative to men. This is probably the result of the
environmental degradation that accompanied the arrival of refugees and the
additional competition for natural resources such as wood and water. However,
the results differ by (pre-shock) literacy and maths skill. For women who
could read and perform simple written mathematical operations the refugee
shock resulted in a higher likelihood of engaging in outside employment. On
the other hand, higher exposure to the refugee shock resulted in illiterate
women being more likely to engage in farming and household chores.
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2017-66&r=mig
10. The Labor Market Effects of a Refugee Wave: Synthetic Control Method Meets
the Mariel Boatlift
Peri, Giovanni (University of California, Davis)
Yasenov, Vasil (University of California, Davis)
We apply the Synthetic Control Method to re-examine the effects of the Mariel
Boatlift, a large inflow of Cubans into Miami in 1980, first studied by David
Card (1990). This method improves on previous studies by choosing a control
group so as to best match Miami's labor market features before the Boatlift.
We also provide reliable standard errors for the inference. Using data from
the larger and more precise May-ORG Current Population Survey (CPS) one finds
no significant departure of wages and employment of low-skilled workers
between Miami and its control after 1979. The result is robust to several
checks.
Keywords: immigration, wages, mariel boatlift, synthetic control method,
measurement error
JEL: J3 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10605&r=mig
11. Occupational mismatch of immigrants in Europe: The role of education and
cognitive skills
Cim, Merve
Kind, Michael Sebastian
Kleibrink, Jan
Occupational mismatch is a wide-spread phenomenon among immigrants in many
European countries. Mismatch, predominantly measured in terms of education,
is often regarded as a waste of human capital. Such discussions, however,
ignore the imperfect comparability of international educational degrees when
comparing immigrants to natives. An accurate analysis of occupational
mismatch requires looking beyond internationally incomparable educational
degrees and considering more comparable skill measures. Using PIAAC data, it
is possible to exploit internationally comparable cognitive skill measures to
analyze the presence of mismatch disparities between immigrants and natives.
This allows us to examine whether overeducation implies only an apparent
phenomenon or rather a genuine overqualification observed also in the form of
cognitive overskilling. In this study, we analyze differences in the
incidence of being overeducated and being cognitively overskilled between
immigrants and natives in 11 European countries. Results show that immigrants
are more likely to be overeducated than natives, while the opposite is true
for being cognitively overskilled. Furthermore, significant heterogeneity
among immigrants in the incidence of overeducation and cognitive overskilling
can be detected.
Keywords: Occupational mismatch,migration,education,cognitive skills
JEL: I21 J15 J24 J71
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:687&r=mig
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