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From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
To: nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Thursday, June 9, 2016 4:21 AM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2016-06-09, 6 papers
nep-mig 2016-06-09 papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2016‒06‒09
six papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Intra-Rural Migration in Tanzania and Pathways of Welfare ChangeWineman,
Ayala; Jayne, Thomas S.
- Driving Factors of Rural-Urban Migration in ChinaMelo, Grace; Ames, Glenn
- Estimating the Impact of Weather Shocks on Agricultural Production and
Migration in ChinaGong Yazhen
- Comparing Wage Gains from Small and Mass Scale Immigrant Legalization
ProgramsSankar Mukhopadhyay
- Poverty Risk among Older Immigrants in a Scandinavian Welfare
StateJakobsen, Vibeke; Pedersen, Peder J.
- The long-term macroeconomic effects of lower migration to the UKKaterina
Lisenkova; Miguel Sanchez-Martinez
- Intra-Rural Migration in Tanzania and Pathways of Welfare Change
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Wineman, Ayala ; Jayne, Thomas S. |
| Migration between rural locations is prevalent in many developing
countries and has been found to improve economic well-being in sub-Saharan
Africa. This paper explores the pathways through which intra-rural migration
affects welfare in rural Tanzania. Specifically, we investigate whether such
migration enables migrants to access more land, higher quality land, or greater
off-farm income generating opportunities that may, in turn, translate into
improved welfare. Drawing on a longitudinal data set that tracks migrants to
their destinations, we employ a difference-in-differences approach, validated
with a multinomial treatment effects model, and find that migration confers a
benefit in consumption to migrants. Results do not indicate that this advantage
is derived from larger farms, though intra-rural migrants to more densely
populated areas do seem to achieve more productive farmland at their
destinations. Across all destinations, migrants are more likely to draw from
off-farm and non-farm income sources, suggesting that even intra-rural
migration represents a shift away from agriculture, and this is likely the
dominant channel through which migrants benefit. We conclude that intra-rural
migration merits greater attention in the discourse on rural development and
structural transformation. |
| Keywords: | internal migration, land access, poverty, rural nonfarm
economy, Tanzania, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, Labor
and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use, G61, I32, O15, Q15, |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:235957&r=mig ;|
- Driving Factors of Rural-Urban Migration in China
| Date: | 2016-05-23 |
| By: | Melo, Grace ; Ames, Glenn |
| This study employs panel data to analyze the economic factors that
drive rural-urban migration and agricultural labor supply within China. The
results indicate that higher wages in urban areas, especially in the
construction sector, was associated with rural-urban migration and a decline in
the agricultural labor supply. The rural-urban wage differential in
construction reflects the housing boom in cities set off by rapid urbanization
and government policies. Most importantly, our findings raise concerns about
the negative impact of rural-urban migration on agriculture in China. Policies
that impact labor supply, especially in times of rapid urban development and
low diffusion of agricultural technology, are critical to Chinese economic
development and stability. |
| Keywords: | Internal migration, agricultural labor, Agricultural and
Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital, O15, R23, J43, |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:235508&r=mig ;|
- Estimating the Impact of Weather Shocks on Agricultural Production and
Migration in China
| Date: | 2016-03 |
| By: | Gong Yazhen (School of Environment and Natural Resources,
Renmin University of China) |
| Keywords: | Weather Shocks,Agricultural Production,China |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr20160318&r=mig ;|
- Comparing Wage Gains from Small and Mass Scale Immigrant Legalization
Programs
| Date: | 2016-05 |
| By: | Sankar Mukhopadhyay (Department of Economics, University of
Nevada, Reno) |
| In this paper I estimate the difference in wage gains from legalization
between immigrants who were legalized on the basis of family ties, or smaller
scale legalization programs, and those who were legalized in a large scale
amnesty program (the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, IRCA). Estimates
suggest that the increase in wage after legalization is 11.7% higher for
immigrants who were legalized on the basis of family ties, or smaller scale
legalization programs, compared to IRCA beneficiaries. Further analysis
suggests that supply shock restricted the wage gains of male — but not female —
IRCA beneficiaries. Results also show that previously illegal immigrants
receive a lower return to U.S. education, and work experience acquired as
illegal workers, than the return legal immigrants receive from similar U.S.
experiences. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, Illegal Immigration, Legalization, Wage
gain. |
| JEL: | J3 J6 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unr:wpaper:16-001&r=mig ;|
- Poverty Risk among Older Immigrants in a Scandinavian Welfare State
| Date: | 2016-05 |
| By: | Jakobsen, Vibeke (Danish National Centre for Social Research
(SFI)) ; Pedersen, Peder J. (Aarhus University) |
| Focus in the paper is on poverty among immigrants and refugees 50 years
and older coming to Denmark from countries outside the OECD, with main emphasis
on immigrants coming as guest workers before 1974, as refugees and as family
members and marriage partners – tied movers – relative to individuals coming as
guest workers and as refugees. A major share of people in this group were
fairly young at arrival to Denmark. Those arriving back in the 1970s and 1980s
are now either close to or above the age of 60, with conditional eligibility to
a labor market related early retirement program or the age 65 where you become
eligible for State pension. Poverty rates by national background are described
using alternative household concepts. Next, a number of background factors of
relevance for poverty are summarized. We focus on age, gender, marital status,
occupational status at age 55 and duration of residence. We find major
differences between migrant groups and between migrants and natives regarding
how income is composed at different ages on market income, pensions and
benefits. Next, we present a number of regressions aiming at explaining
differences in the poverty risk with differences in a number of background
factors. |
| Keywords: | immigrants, old age poverty, family structure |
| JEL: | F22 H55 I32 J14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9944&r=mig ;|
- The long-term macroeconomic effects of lower migration to the UK
| Date: | 2016-05 |
| By: | Katerina Lisenkova ; Miguel Sanchez-Martinez |
| This paper looks at the possible scenarios of migration policy should
the UK leave the EU. The paper uses an OLG model which brings together labour
market, fiscal and other macroeconomic effects in one framework. It also adds a
dynamic perspective, differentiates between natives and different categories of
immigrants and captures age and qualification compositional effects. The paper
compares the two migration scenarios: Leave and Remain. By 2065, in the Leave
scenario, aggregate GDP and GDP per person are 9% and 1% respectively lower
compared to Remain scenario. Reduced migration after leaving the EU has a
negative impact on the public finances, because of higher dependency ratio.
This requires an increase in taxation of about £400 per person (2014 pounds)
in 2065. The results are sensitive to the assumptions that change productivity
of the labour force and dependency ratio. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nsr:niesrd:460&r=mig ;|
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