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|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2015‒10‒25
twenty papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Female Migration and Native Marital Stability: Insights from ItalyVignoli,
Daniele; Venturini, Alessandra; Pirani, Elena
- Do E-Verify Mandates Improve Labor Market Outcomes of Low-Skilled Native
and Legal Immigrant Workers?Bohn, Sarah; Lofstrom, Magnus; Raphael, Steven
- Self-Selection of Emigrants: Theory and Evidence on Stochastic Dominance
in Observable and Unobservable CharacteristicsGeorge J. Borjas; Ilpo Kauppinen;
Panu Poutvaara
- Networks and Misallocation: Insurance, Migration, and the Rural-Urban Wage
GapKaivan Munshi; Mark Rosenzweig
- Fertility, Health and Education of UK Immigrants: The Role of English
Language SkillsYu Aoki; Lualhati Santiago
- Heterogeneous Immigrants and Foreign Direct Investment: The Role of
Language SkillsLücke, Matthias; Stöhr, Tobias
- The empirical analysis of the determinants of migration and remittances in
Kenya and the impact on household expenditure patternsJena, Farai
- Human Resources and Innovation: Total Factor Productivity and Foreign
Human CapitalFassio, Claudio; Kalantaryan, Sona; Venturini, Alessandra
- Migration State and Welfare State: Competition vs. Coordination in
Economic UnionsRazin, Assaf; Sadka, Efraim
- Immigration and the Gender Wage GapAnthony Edo; Farid Toubal
- Tradable Refugee-Admission Quotas (TRAQs), the Syrian Crisis and the New
European Agenda on MigrationFernández-Huertas Moraga, Jesús; Rapoport, Hillel
- SEE 2020 Strategy: Study on Labour MobilityHermine Vidovic
- Integration policies and public opinion: in conflict or in harmony?CALLENS
Marie-Sophie
- Country-Specific Preferences and Employment Rates in EuropeSimone
Moriconi; Giovanni Peri
- Risk Attitudes and Household Migration DecisionsChristian Dustmann;
Francesco Fasani; Xin Meng; Luigi Minale
- Perceived Threat, Contact and Attitudes towards the Integration of
Immigrants. Evidence from LuxembourgCALLENS Marie-Sophie; MEULEMAN Bart;
VALENTOVA Marie
- Intergenerational transmission and the effects of health on migrationXiao,
Mimi
- On Redistributive Taxation under the Threat of High-Skill EmigrationAlan
Krause
- Effect of forced displacement on healthIvan Zilic
- Building a Better H-1B ProgramChad Sparber
- Female Migration and Native Marital Stability: Insights from Italy
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Vignoli, Daniele ; Venturini, Alessandra ; Pirani, Elena
(University of Turin) |
| In this paper, we argue that the size and the composition of the female
migrant population in a given area can affect the marital stability of natives.
We take Italy as a case-study and we offer discrete-time event history models
predicting marital disruption on data from the nationally–representative 2009
Family and Social Subjects survey. We found that the increasing presence of
first mover migrant women (coming from Latin America and Eastern Europe) is
associated with higher separation risks among natives, especially for couples
with lower human capital. Our findings add to our understanding of family
formation and dissolution dynamics in recent immigration countries. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:201535&r=mig |
- Do E-Verify Mandates Improve Labor Market Outcomes of Low-Skilled Native
and Legal Immigrant Workers?
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Bohn, Sarah (Public Policy Institute of California) ;
Lofstrom, Magnus (Public Policy Institute of California) ; Raphael, Steven
(University of California, Berkeley) |
| We examine the impact of state level legislation against the hiring of
unauthorized immigrants on employment opportunities among competing low-skilled
workers. Our focus is on the role of E-Verify mandates and specifically, we
test for effects of the 2007 Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA) on employment
outcomes of low-skilled native-born and legal immigrant workers in Arizona. We
use the synthetic control method developed by Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller
(2010) to select a group of states against which the labor market trends of
Arizona can be compared. Our results suggest that contrary to its intent, the
Legal Arizona Workers Act does not appear to have improved labor market
outcomes of competing legal low-skilled workers. In fact, we find some evidence
of diminished employment and increased unemployment among legal low-skilled
workers in Arizona. These findings are concentrated on the largest demographic
group of workers – non-Hispanic white men. While they are less likely to find
employment, those who do have on average higher earnings as a result of LAWA.
The pattern of results points to both labor supply and labor demand
contractions due to LAWA, with labor supply dominating in terms of magnitude. |
| Keywords: | illegal, unauthorized, undocumented, immigration,
E-Verify, Arizona |
| JEL: | J8 J15 J18 J21 J31 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9420&r=mig |
- Self-Selection of Emigrants: Theory and Evidence on Stochastic Dominance
in Observable and Unobservable Characteristics
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | George J. Borjas (Harvard Kennedy School) ; Ilpo Kauppinen
(VATT Institute for Economic Research) ; Panu Poutvaara (University of Munich
and Ifo Institute) |
| We show that the Roy model has more precise predictions about the
self-selection of migrants than previously realized. The same conditions that
have been shown to result in positive or negative selection in terms of
expected earnings also imply a stochastic dominance relationship between the
earnings distributions of migrants and non-migrants. We use the Danish full
population administrative data to test the predictions. We find strong evidence
of positive self-selection of emigrants in terms of pre-emigration earnings:
the income distribution for the migrants almost stochastically dominates the
distribution for the non-migrants. This result is not driven by immigration
policies in destination countries. Decomposing the self-selection in total
earnings into self-selection in observable characteristics and self-selection
in unobservable characteristics reveals that unobserved abilities play the
dominant role. |
| Keywords: | International Migration, Roy model, Self selection |
| JEL: | F22 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1515&r=mig |
- Networks and Misallocation: Insurance, Migration, and the Rural-Urban Wage
Gap
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Kaivan Munshi (University of Cambridge) ; Mark Rosenzweig
(Yale University) |
| We provide an explanation for the large spatial wage disparities and
low male migration in India based on the trade-off between
consumption-smoothing, provided by caste-based rural insurance networks, and
the income-gains from migration. Our theory generates two key
empirically-verified predictions: (i) males in relatively wealthy households
within a caste who benefit less from the redistributive (surplus-maximizing)
network will be more likely to migrate, and (ii) males in households facing
greater rural income-risk (who benefit more from the insurance network) migrate
less. Structural estimates show that small improvements in formal insurance
decrease the spatial misallocation of labor by substantially increasing
migration. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1516&r=mig |
- Fertility, Health and Education of UK Immigrants: The Role of English
Language Skills
| Date: | 2015-08 |
| By: | Yu Aoki (University of Aberdeen) ; Lualhati Santiago (Warwick
University, Department of Economics) |
| This paper aims to identify the causal effect of English language
skills on fertility, health and education outcomes of immigrants in England and
Wales. To estimate this causal effect, we use the instrumental variable
estimation strategy where age at arrival in the United Kingdom (UK) is
exploited to construct an instrument for language skills. The idea of
exploiting age at arrival is based on the phenomenon that a person who is
exposed to a new language within the critical period of language acquisition
(i.e., childhood) learns the language more easily. This implies that immigrants
who arrive in the UK at a young age have on average better English language
skills than those who arrive when they are older. Using a unique
individual-level dataset that links census and life event records for the
population living in England and Wales at the 2011 Census, we find that better
English language skills significantly delay the age at which a woman has her
first child, lower the likelihood that she has a child in her teens, and
decrease the number of children she gives birth to, but do not affect her
children’s birthweight and an individual’s self-reported health. The impact
on educational achievement is also considerable: better English skills
significantly raise the probability of obtaining academic degrees and
significantly lower the probability of having no qualifications. |
| Keywords: | Language skills, fertility, health, education, natural
experiment |
| JEL: | I10 I20 J13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:duh:wpaper:1510&r=mig |
- Heterogeneous Immigrants and Foreign Direct Investment: The Role of
Language Skills
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Lücke, Matthias (Kiel Institute for the World Economy) ;
Stöhr, Tobias (Kiel Institute for the World Economy) |
| We investigate the interplay of language skills and immigrant stocks in
determining bilateral FDI out-stocks of OECD reporting countries. Applying a
Poisson panel estimator to 2004-2011 data, we find a robust positive effect of
bilateral immigrants on bilateral FDI – provided that residents of the two
countries have few language skills in common. We find a similar effect for
immigrants from third countries that speak the language(s) of the FDI host
country, making them potential substitutes for bilateral migrants. Our findings
suggest that immigrants facilitate outgoing FDI through their language skills,
rather than through other characteristics like cultural familiarity. |
| Keywords: | migration, FDI, foreign languages, globalization |
| JEL: | F21 F22 O14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9419&r=mig |
- The empirical analysis of the determinants of migration and remittances in
Kenya and the impact on household expenditure patterns
| Date: | 2015-05 |
| By: | Jena, Farai |
| This thesis conducts empirical analysis on the determinants of
migration and remittance sending decisions in Kenya and the impact on the
expenditure patterns of households using cross-sectional household survey data.
The first empirical chapter explores the factors that influence the subsequent
migration decisions of Kenyan siblings using binary logit models. The findings
reveal that preceding sibling migrants have a strong negative effect on the
probability of migration for other siblings. Evidence in support of migration
as a joint household level decision is obtained as preceding sibling and
non-sibling migrants are found to exhibit similar effects. Conditional on
migrating, siblings are shown to utilize existing sibling networks by moving to
the same internal or external destination as preceding migrants. Discrete
failure time models are also employed so as to account for any neglected
heterogeneity at the household level. Controlling for neglected heterogeneity,
the overall effect of preceding sibling migrants is found to be statistically
insignificant. However, non-sibling migrants are found to decrease the
probability of migrating. The second empirical chapter examines the remittance
behaviour of multiple compared to sole sibling migrants, and the motivations of
Kenyan siblings in sending remittances to their household of origin. No
evidence of selection bias in the decision to remit is detected when a Heckman
selection model is estimated. Using probit and OLS models, the presence of
other siblings is found to decrease the probability of remitting but to have no
effect on the amount of remittances sent. The amount of remittances sent by
other siblings is also found to have no statistically significant effect on the
remittances sent by a sibling using IV regression methods. In the third
empirical chapter, the expenditure patterns of Kenyan households are
investigated according to whether the household is a migrant or non-migrant
household, and whether a migrant household is in receipt of remittances or not
using an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) approach. The analysis reveals that
remitters who are spouses and siblings of the household have higher bargaining
power towards the allocation of remittances to physical investments and durable
goods, respectively. The expenditure patterns also show that remittances are
not pooled together with general income when allocating the household budget
towards durable goods and physical investments. In addition, the findings
reveal that the reported uses of remittances by Kenyan households contrast with
their actual uses. In the fourth chapter, the uses of remittances for the
acquisition of physical investments and durable goods are analysed in more
detail using IV and bivariate probit models. Remittances are found to be
exogenous for the durable goods category but endogenous for physical
investments. The evidence obtained is supportive of remittances being used by
households to purchase these categories of commodities |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susphd:0215&r=mig |
- Human Resources and Innovation: Total Factor Productivity and Foreign
Human Capital
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Fassio, Claudio (Lund University) ; Kalantaryan, Sona
(Migration Policy Centre) ; Venturini, Alessandra (University of Turin) |
| The objective of this paper is to analyse the role of migrants in
innovation in Europe. We use Total Factor Productivity as a measure of
innovation and focus on the three largest European countries – France, Germany
and the United Kingdom – in the years 1994-2007. Unlike previous research,
which mainly employs a regional approach, we analyse the link between migration
and innovation at the sectoral level. This allows us to measure the direct
contribution of migrants in the sector in which they are actually employed.
Moreover, it allows a distinction between the real contribution of migrants to
innovation from possible inter-sectoral complementarities, which might as well
foster innovation. We control for the different components of human-capital,
such as age, education and diversity of origin. To address the possible
endogeneity of migration we draw on an instrumental variable strategy
originally devised by Card (2001) and adapt it at the sector level. The results
show that overall migrants are relevant in all sectors, but some important
differences emerge across sectors: highly-educated migrants show a larger
positive effect in the high-tech sectors, while middle- and low-educated ones
are more relevant in manufacturing. The diversity of countries of origin
contributes to innovation only in the services sectors, confirming that in
empirical analyses at the regional or national level the diversity measure
might capture the complementarity between sectors rather than the contribution
of different national skills. |
| Keywords: | migration, innovation, highly skilled migrants, low
skilled migrants |
| JEL: | F22 O31 O32 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9422&r=mig |
- Migration State and Welfare State: Competition vs. Coordination in
Economic Unions
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Razin, Assaf ; Sadka, Efraim |
| We develop a model of an economic union with income redistribution,
facing upward supplies of immigrants of various skills and wealth. We compare
the policy competition equilibrium of the model to the coordination
equilibrium. The model predicts that the completion equilibrium will be with a
more generous welfare state (higher taxes) with more low skilled immigrants
than the coordination equilibrium. The explanation is based on fiscal
externalities due to income differences in the native born and immigrant
populations. We argue that this type of a difference between the U.S. and the
EU - the degree of coordination among the member states – contributes to our
understanding of observed policy differences between these two otherwise
similar unions: the generosity of the welfare state and the skill composition
of migration. |
| Keywords: | Fiscal externality; Generosity of the welfare state;
skill composition of immigration |
| JEL: | F2 H1 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10885&r=mig |
- Immigration and the Gender Wage Gap
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Anthony Edo ; Farid Toubal |
| This paper analyzes the effects of immigration on the gender wage gap.
Using a detailed individual French dataset, we shed lights on the strong
feminization of the immigration workforce from 1990 to 2010. Our theoretical
model predicts that a shift in the supply of female workers increases gender
wage inequality when men and women are imperfect substitute in production. Our
structural estimate shows an imperfect substituability between men and women
workers of similar education and experience. Our econometric analysis shows
that a 10% increase in immigrant female labor supply relative to immigrant male
labor supply in a given education-experience group lowers the relative earnings
of female native workers of that group by 4%. We finally use a structural model
to account for the cross-group effects induced by immigration and show that the
rise in the relative number of female immigrants has decreased the relative
wage of female native workers, thereby contributing to a widening native gender
wage gap. |
| Keywords: | Migration;labor supply;gender wage gap |
| JEL: | F22 J16 J21 J31 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2015-17&r=mig |
- Tradable Refugee-Admission Quotas (TRAQs), the Syrian Crisis and the New
European Agenda on Migration
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Jesús (Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid) ; Rapoport, Hillel (Paris School of Economics) |
| The Syrian Civil War gave rise to the largest refugee flight reaching
Europe since the Yugoslavian wars in the 1990s. The crisis evidenced the
deficiencies of the European Union Asylum Policy, which struggled both to offer
solutions to Syrian refugees and to efficiently allocate costs across Member
States. We draw on previous theoretical work to simulate how a system of
tradable refugee-admission quotas coupled with a matching mechanism assigning
refugees to their preferred destinations and destinations to their preferred
types of refugees would give more flexibility to Member States while respecting
refugee rights and preferences. |
| Keywords: | immigration policy, EU policy, tradable quotas, refugee
resettlement, asylum seekers, international public goods |
| JEL: | F22 F5 H87 I3 K33 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9418&r=mig |
- SEE 2020 Strategy: Study on Labour Mobility
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Hermine Vidovic (The Vienna Institute for International
Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Summary The study focuses on cross-border mobility in the Western
Balkans, which has been identified in the SEE 2020 Strategy as contributing
positively to generating employment, reducing the skills mismatch and
increasing the productivity of the countries of the region. So far labour
market liberalisation in the Western Balkans has made little progress; almost
all countries rely on quota regimes. With the exception of Montenegro and
Croatia, the majority of labour migrants come from outside the region, a
significant share of them with higher education. Regional migrants are
generally lower skilled than workers from outside. Montenegro attracts the
major part of regional migrants, while Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are
the biggest sending countries. Potential migration/labour flows of the Western
Balkan countries within the region and into the EU-14 and the new EU Member
States-10 are analysed by adopting a gravity modelling approach. Accordingly,
lifting restrictions on labour market access increases strongly both migration
flows to EU-14 as well as intra-regional flows. If macroeconomic indicators
(employment rates and GDP per capita) improve further in the Western Balkans
then this causes a certain amount of redirection of mobility from
extra-regional mobility (i.e. less migration to EU-14) to more intra-regional
mobility. |
| Keywords: | mobility Western Balkans, migration projections, gravity
model |
| JEL: | J11 J61 F22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:rpaper:rr:408&r=mig |
- Integration policies and public opinion: in conflict or in harmony?
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | CALLENS Marie-Sophie |
| This paper investigates the statistical relationship between
integration policies and public opinion toward immigrants. Overall, the
eighteen reviewed studies indicate that integration policies are strongly
associated with the general public?s level of perceived threat from immigrants
and, perhaps, to their level of anti-immigrant attitudes. Inclusive policies
can be said to reduce the level of perceived threat while exclusionary policies
tend to reinforce perceptions of threat. Since most studies could not establish
a causal link, further research is needed to corroborate the impact of
integration policies on public opinion. |
| Keywords: | integration policies; public opinion; anti-immigrant
sentiment |
| JEL: | J15 Z19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irs:cepswp:2015-02&r=mig |
- Country-Specific Preferences and Employment Rates in Europe
| Date: | 2015-09 |
| By: | Simone Moriconi (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) ;
Giovanni Peri |
| European countries exhibit significant differences in employment rates
of adult males. Differences in labor-leisure preferences, partly determined by
cultural values that vary across countries, can be responsible for part of
these differences. However, differences in labor market institutions,
productivity, and skills of the labor force are also crucial factors and likely
correlated with preferences. In this paper we use variation among first- and
second-generation cross-country European migrants to isolate the effect of
culturally transmitted labor-leisure preferences on individual employment
rates. If migrants maintain some of their country of origin labor-leisure
preferences as they move to different labor market conditions, we can separate
the impact of preferences from the effect of other factors. We find
country-specific labor-leisure preferences explain about 24% of the top-bottom
variation in employment rates across European countries. |
| Keywords: | Labor-Leisure Preferences, Cultural Transmission,
Employment, Europe, Migrants. |
| JEL: | J22 J61 Z10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie1:def029&r=mig |
- Risk Attitudes and Household Migration Decisions
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Christian Dustmann (University College London) ; Francesco
Fasani (Queen Mary University) ; Xin Meng (Australian National University) ;
Luigi Minale (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) |
| This paper analyses the relation between individual migrations and the
risk attitudes of other household members when migration is a household
decision. We develop a simple model that implies that which members migrate
depends on the distribution of risk attitudes among all household members, and
that the risk diversification gain to other household members may induce
migrations that would not take place in an individual framework. Using unique
data for China on risk attitudes of internal (rural-urban) migrants and the
families left behind, we empirically test three key implications of the model:
(i) that conditional on migration gains, less risk averse individuals are more
likely to migrate; (ii) that within households, the least risk averse
individual is more likely to emigrate; and (iii) that across households, the
most risk averse households are more likely to send migrants as long as they
have at least one family member with sufficiently low risk version. Our results
not only provide strong evidence that migration decisions are taken on a
household level but also that the distribution of risk attitudes within the
household affects whether a migration takes place and who will emigrate. |
| Keywords: | risk aversion, internal migration, risk diversification,
China |
| JEL: | J61 R23 D81 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1514&r=mig |
- Perceived Threat, Contact and Attitudes towards the Integration of
Immigrants. Evidence from Luxembourg
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | CALLENS Marie-Sophie ; MEULEMAN Bart ; VALENTOVA Marie |
| This paper examines the relation between immigration-related threat
perceptions and the attitudes towards the integration (i.e. assimilation and
multiculturalism) of immigrants by natives. Additionally it explores how that
relationship interplays with intense contact with foreigners. The analysis is
performed on a sample of natives in Luxembourg ? the country with the highest
proportion of immigrants in Europe. The European Value Study from 2008 for
Luxembourg and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to conduct the
analyses. The outcomes of our analyses reveal that feelings of threat are
associated with less support for multicultural attitudes, whereas the opposite
can be found with respect to support for assimilation attitudes. Furthermore,
it was found that more intense contact with immigrant friends is negatively
correlated with threat perceptions and support for assimilation and positively
correlated with support for multicultural attitudes. Lastly, more contact with
immigrants is also directly related to integration preferences. |
| Keywords: | intergroup relations; assimilation; multiculturalism;
perceived threat; contact; Luxembourg |
| JEL: | Z19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irs:cepswp:2015-01&r=mig |
- Intergenerational transmission and the effects of health on migration
| Date: | 2015-06 |
| By: | Xiao, Mimi |
| This thesis conducts empirical analysis on the intergenerational
transmission of adiposity, using various types of data from various countries;
the same intergenerational transmission in China and how it varies with the
family socioeconomic factors and age levels; the way in which health impinges
on the decision to migrate in China. In the first empirical chapter we find
that the intergenerational elasticity of adiposity is relatively constant – at
0.2 per parent, and this elasticity is comparable across time and countries.
Quantile estimates suggest that this intergenerational transmission mechanism
is more than double for the fattest children as it is for the thinnest
children. The second empirical chapter examines the intergenerational
transmission of adiposity in China: we use BMI z-score as another measure of
adiposity, the longitudinal structure of CHNS data (1993-2009) allows us to
control for individual fixed effects or family fixed effects and focus on
changes in BMI z-score over the life cycle. We report patterns of the
intergenerational relationship of BMI z-score varying by family socio-economic
factors and the age of the child, the magnitude of this relationship reaches
the peak over the stage between childhood and later adolescence. In the third
empirical chapter, which also uses the CHNS data, we examine whether migrants
are healthier than those who do not migrate in the places of origin in the
context of internal migration in China. Based on the relative wage rates, costs
of migration and the assumption of optimization, we set up a theoretical model
and estimate the effects of health on the migration probability, we find that
people self-evaluating as having “good” or “excellent” health are more likely
to migrate, this health effects vary with the type of occupation, we also find
evidence on the indirect health effects which operates through the education
attainment. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susphd:0515&r=mig |
- On Redistributive Taxation under the Threat of High-Skill Emigration
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Alan Krause |
| The increasing international mobility of high-skill individuals is
often seen as posing a threat to domestic social welfare, by limiting the
ability of governments to tax these individuals and redistribute to the poor.
In this note, we examine a simple dynamic nonlinear income tax model without
commitment. In this setting, it is shown that the threat of emigration by
high-skill individuals facilitates redistribution and increases social welfare
in the short run, and has no effect on social welfare over the long run. |
| Keywords: | nonlinear taxation; migration; commitment. |
| JEL: | H21 H24 F22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:yor:yorken:15/21&r=mig |
- Effect of forced displacement on health
| Date: | 2015-07 |
| By: | Ivan Zilic (The Institute of Economics, Zagreb) |
| This paper analyzes health consequences of forced civilian displacement
that occurred during the War in Croatia 1991-1995 which accompanied the demise
of Yugoslavia. Using the Croatian Adult Health Survey 2003 we test whether
displacement is relevant in explaining various dimensions of measured and self
assessed health. We adopt an instrumental variable approach where civilian
casualties per county are used as an instrument for displacement. We find
robust significant adverse effects on self assessed health, on probability of
suffering from systolic and diastolic hypertension, and on mental health and
role emotional SF-36 dimensions. We also address possible channels of adverse
effect, and find that displacement did not induce a change in healthy
behaviors, and that the negative effect of displacement is channeled through
adverse economic conditions that the displaced individuals face. |
| Keywords: | Conflict, Migration, Health |
| JEL: | I10 O12 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:duh:wpaper:1507&r=mig |
- Building a Better H-1B Program
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Chad Sparber (Colgate University) |
| The H-1B program allows highly-educated foreign-born labor to
temporarily work in the United States. Quotas restrict the number of labor
force entrants, however. In many years, all available work permits were
allocated by random lottery. This paper argues that an alternative distribution
method based upon ability would increase output, output per worker, and wages
paid to less-educated workers. Baseline estimates suggest that a change in
allocation policy could result in a $26.5 billion gain for the economy over a
six year period. This estimate grows when H-1B demand rises. |
| Keywords: | Skilled Workers, H-1B Work Permit, Immigration |
| JEL: | J61 F22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1513&r=mig |
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