[colombiamigra] Fw: [nep-mig] 2013-06-04, 21 papers
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Subject: [nep-mig] 2013-06-04, 21 papers
Final
NEP: New Economics Papers
Economics of Human Migration
Edited by: Yuji Tamura
Australian National University
Issue date: 2013-06-04
Papers: 21
Note: Access to full contents may be restricted.
NEP is sponsored by the School of Economics and Finance of Victoria University
of Wellington.
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In this issue we have:
1. Temporary Mobility - A Policy for Academic Career Development
Lawson, Cornelia; Shibayama, Sotaro
2. Does Cultural Heritage Affect Employment Decisions: Empirical
Evidence for Second Generation Immigrants in Germany
Anja Köbrich León
3. Quality of Life and Stressful Life Events in First and Second
Generation Immigrant Adolescents
Lemos, Ida; Nunes, Cristina; Nunes, Lara Ayala
4. More Hands, More Power? Estimating the Impact of Immigration on
Output and Technology Choices Using Early 20th Century US Agriculture
Jeanne Lafortune; José Tessada; Carolina González-Velosa
5. The labor market impact of mobility restrictions : evidence from the
West Bank
Cali, Massimiliano; Miaari, Sami H.
6. Transfer Behaviour in Migrant Sending Communities
Chakraborty, Tanika; Mirkasimov, Bakhrom; Steiner, Susan
7. Eliciting illegal migration rates through list randomization
McKenzie, David; Siegel, Melissa
8. Out-migration, Wealth Constraints, and the Quality of Local
Amenities
Christian Dustmann; Anna Okatenko
9. Wages of childhood immigrants in Sweden – education, returns to
education and overeducation
Katz, Katarina; Österberg, Torun
10. Managing International Labor Migration in ASEAN : Themes from a
Six-Country Study
Aniceto Orbeta, Jr.; Kathrina Gonzales
11. Smooth(er) Landing? The Dynamic Role of Networks in the Location
and Occupational Choice of Immigrants
Jeanne Lafortune; José Tessada
12. Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction of China's New Generation
of Migrant Workers: Evidence from an Inland City
Wang, Huashu; Pan, Lei; Heerink, Nico
13. Immigration, unemployment and GDP in the host country: Bootstrap
panel Granger causality analysis on OECD countries
Ekrame Boubtane; Dramane Coulibaly; Christophe Rault
14. The Balance of Brains: Corruption and High Skilled Migration
Andrea ARIU; Pasquamaria SQUICCIARINI
15. Climate Variability and Internal Migration: A Test on Indian
Inter-State Migration.
Ingrid Dallmann; Katrin Millock
16. Split Decisions: Family Finance When a Policy Discontinuity
Allocates Overseas Work
Michael Clemens and Erwin Tiongson
17. Employment Verification Mandates and the Labor Market Outcomes of
Likely Unauthorized and Native Workers
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes; Cynthia Bansak
18. Immigrant Assimilation into U.S. Prisons, 1900-1930
Carolyn M. Moehling; Anne Morrison Piehl
19. Determinants of Internal Migration among Senegalese Youth
David SAHN; Catalina HERRERA
20. Immigrant specificity and the relationship between trade and
immigration: Theory and evidence
Bowen, Harry P.; Pédussel Wu, Jennifer
21. Occupational Information Acquisition, Occupational Mobility and
Urbanization of New Generation Migrant Workers in China
Yuan, Yao; Guangsheng, Zhang
Contents.
1. Temporary Mobility - A Policy for Academic Career Development
Date: 2013-04
By: Lawson, Cornelia
Shibayama, Sotaro (University of Turin)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:201308&r=mig
Researcher mobility has received increasing support from policy makers around
the world as an instrument to improve the performance of research systems by
promoting the diffusion of knowledge, and facilitating knowledge and technology
transfer, network creation, and productivity (OECD, 2008). International
mobility grants have been a preferred means for governments across the world to
facilitate the mobility of their research base (MEXT, 2009). This paper
investigates the effect of temporary mobility spells abroad on a researcher’s
probability for promotion. Temporary research visits may help to expand
existing networks and promote knowledge transfer while at the same time
ensuring career stability, identified as the main barrier to mobility in Europe
and Japan (Stephan, 2012). Using a dataset of 370 bioscience professors in
Japan we identified their average career path and evaluated the role of
mobility in Japanese universities. We find that
international research visits have a positive effect on promotion and reduce
the waiting time for promotion by one year. This provides evidence that these
visits also benefit a researcher’s career in the long-term. This positive
research visit effect is weaker for researchers who also change jobs. Research
visits may therefore present a way for immobile researchers to speed up
promotion without the need for job mobility. We also find that research visits
are particularly important for inbred researchers, again indicating that visits
discourage late-career mobility and increase promotion speed. We further find
that, while research visits of tenured staff enhance the career by providing an
early chair, postdocs have no lasting effect on career progression. Instead,
they may be an indicator for a researcher’s struggle to find a permanent
position after the PhD
2. Does Cultural Heritage Affect Employment Decisions: Empirical
Evidence for Second Generation Immigrants in Germany
Date: 2013
By: Anja Köbrich León
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp553&r=mig
3. Quality of Life and Stressful Life Events in First and Second
Generation Immigrant Adolescents
Date: 2013-05-23
By: Lemos, Ida (University of Algarve)
Nunes, Cristina (University of Algarve)
Nunes, Lara Ayala (University of Seville)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:cieodp:2013_017&r=mig
The aim of this study was to examine differences in quality of life and
stressful life events, in first and second generation immigrant adolescents
living in Algarve. A total of 172 immigrant adolescents participated in the
study, completing the kidscreen-52, the stressful and negative life events
inventory and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results suggest that younger
immigrant adolescents report more physical well-being and a higher mood level.
Concerning gender differences, girls scored higher than boys in physical
well-being, mood and self-perception, but no differences were found on the
other kidscreen subscales. First generation immigrants scored significantly
higher than second generation ones on the general quality of life index,
psychological well-being, autonomy, financial resources and school environment.
However, the second-generation immigrants did not seem to be more exposed to
stressful life events than the first-generation group.
When selecting relevant variables for well-being promotion and for
intervention, we must consider that immigrants are more exposed to economic
vulnerability, may experience difficulties in adapting to a different school
context, and are at higher risk of social exclusion.
Keywords: Quality of Life; Stressful Life Events; Immigrants; Adolescence
JEL: I00
4. More Hands, More Power? Estimating the Impact of Immigration on
Output and Technology Choices Using Early 20th Century US Agriculture
Date: 2013
By: Jeanne Lafortune
José Tessada
Carolina González-Velosa
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ioe:doctra:431&r=mig
Can shifts in output mix or technologies attenuate the impact of immigration on
wages? We explore this using immigration-induced changes in relative labor
supply at the county level in US Censuses of Agriculture in early 20th century.
An increase in labor supply induced a shift away from capital-intensive crops
and a reduction in farm size. Crop mix adjustments were more likely in counties
less specialized in a given crop while adjustments in technological and
organization changes were more marked in the rest. Suggestive evidence
indicates that crop mix adjustments, but not organizational changes, were
sufficient to limit wage impacts.
Keywords: Immigration, Agriculture, Output mix, Technological change
JEL: J43
5. The labor market impact of mobility restrictions : evidence from the
West Bank
Date: 2013-05-01
By: Cali, Massimiliano
Miaari, Sami H.
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6457&r=mig
Using data on Israeli closures inside the West Bank, this paper provides new
evidence on the labor market effects of conflict-induced restrictions to
mobility. To identify the effects, the analysis exploits the fact that the
placement of physical barriers by Israel was exogenous to local labor market
conditions and uses a measure of conflict intensity to control for the likely
spurious correlation between local unrest, labor market conditions, and the
placement of barriers. The study finds that these barriers to mobility have a
significant negative effect on employment, wages, and days worked per month.
The barriers had a positive impact on the number of hours per working day.
These effects are driven mainly by checkpoints while other barriers, such as
roadblocks and earth mounds, have a much more limited impact. Only a tiny
portion of the effects is due to direct restrictions on workers'mobility,
suggesting that these restrictions affect the labor
market mainly by depressing firms'production and labor demand. Despite being
an underestimation of the actual effects, the overall costs of the barriers on
the West Bank labor market are substantial: in 2007, for example, these costs
amounted to 6 percent of gross domestic product. Most of these costs are due to
lower wages, thus suggesting that the labor market has adjusted to the
restrictions more through prices than quantities.
Keywords: Labor Markets,Labor Policies,Transport Economics
Policy&Planning,Markets and Market Access,Banks&Banking Reform
6. Transfer Behaviour in Migrant Sending Communities
Date: 2013-05
By: Chakraborty, Tanika (Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur)
Mirkasimov, Bakhrom (DIW Berlin)
Steiner, Susan (University of Hannover)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7406&r=mig
We study how international migration changes the private transfers made between
households in the migrant sending communities of developing countries. A
priori, it is indeterminate whether migration and remittances strengthen or
weaken the degree of private transfers in these communities. From a policy
perspective, public income redistribution programmes would have an important
role to play if migration reduced the extent of private transfers. Using
household survey data from Kyrgyzstan, we find that households with migrant
members (as well as households receiving remittances) are more likely than
households without migrants (without remittances) to provide monetary transfers
to others, but less likely to receive monetary transfers from others. This
suggests that migration is unlikely to lead to a weakening of private
transfers.
Keywords: private transfers, cash and labour exchange, migration, Kyrgyzstan,
Central Asia
JEL: D63
7. Eliciting illegal migration rates through list randomization
Date: 2013
By: McKenzie, David (World Bank, CEPR, and IZA)
Siegel, Melissa (UNU-MERIT/MGSoG, Maastricht University)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2013023&r=mig
Most migration surveys do not ask about the legal status of migrants due to
concerns about the sensitivity of this question. List randomization is a
technique that has been used in a number of other social science applications
to elicit sensitive information. We trial this technique by adding it to
surveys conducted in Ethiopia, Mexico, Morocco and the Philippines. We show
how, in principle, this can be used to both give an estimate of the overall
rate of illegal migration in the population being surveyed, as well as to
determine illegal migration rates for subgroups such as more or less educated
households. Our results suggest that there is some indication in this method:
we find higher rates of illegal migration in countries where illegal migration
is thought to be more prevalent and households who say they have a migrant are
more likely to report having an illegal migrant. Nevertheless, some of our
other findings also suggest some possible
inconsistencies or noise in the conclusions obtained using this method, so we
suggest directions for future attempts to implement this approach in migration
surveys.
Keywords: migration, illegal migration, research methods, list randomization,
item count method, survey techniques, surveys
JEL: F22
8. Out-migration, Wealth Constraints, and the Quality of Local
Amenities
Date: 2013-05
By: Christian Dustmann (Department of Economics, and Centre for Research and
Analysis of Migration (CReAM), University College London)
Anna Okatenko (Department of Economics, and Centre for Research and Analysis of
Migration (CReAM), University College London)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1313&r=mig
Using a simple theoretical model, we show that the level of migration costs
relative to wealth determines the form of the relation between income and
migration intentions, which can be monotonically decreasing, increasing, or
inverse U-shaped. Using unique individual level data, covering three geographic
regions—sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America—we show that migration
intentions do indeed respond to individual wealth, and that the patterns differ
across the country groups studied in a manner compatible with the predictions
of our model. Further, contentment with various dimensions of local amenities
plays an important role for migration decisions.
Keywords: Migration and Wealth Constraints, Migration Intentions, Local
Amenities
JEL: O15
9. Wages of childhood immigrants in Sweden – education, returns to
education and overeducation
Date: 2013-04-04
By: Katz, Katarina (Karlstad university)
Österberg, Torun (University of Gothenburg)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ifauwp:2013_008&r=mig
We analyse full-time monthly wages of employees with parents born in Sweden and
of childhood immigrants who arrived before the end of compulsory school-age. We
use a detailed disaggregation of background countries, which shows considerable
hetero-geneity, in overeducation, in returns to education and in birth-country
coefficients, unexplained by wage models. Both the non-European childhood
immigrants and of those from Southern Europe suffer a wage disadvantage
relative to natives, men to a larger extent than women. Returns to education
are generally lower for non-European childhood immigrants than for natives.
Comparison with workers, who immigrated as adults, shows that the childhood
immigrants of most nationalities run lower risk of being overeducated and have
a smaller wage disadvantage. The child/adult immigrant difference is larger,
the larger the disadvantage of the adult immigrants from a country of origin.
But for male childhood immigrants from
some of the labour transmitter countries, the risk of overeducation is larger
than it is for adult immigrants and the difference in adjusted wages between
childhood immigrants and adult immigrants also tends to be smaller than for
other countries of origin.
Keywords: Wages; immigrants; childhood immigrants; returns to education;
overeducation
JEL: I24
10. Managing International Labor Migration in ASEAN : Themes from a
Six-Country Study
Date: 2013-05
By: Aniceto Orbeta, Jr. (Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS))
Kathrina Gonzales
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eab:govern:23422&r=mig
The study presents a summary of the six-country study on managing international
labor migration in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)3. The
countries are grouped into sending (Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines) and
receiving (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand). The objective was to share
international migration management issues from the perspective of a sending or
a receiving country. The country research teams were asked to identify and
study a specific migration management issue that is deemed current and
reflective of the primary migration management experience of the country. For
sending countries, the Cambodia research team studied the high frequency
cross-border crossings into Thailand that is dominated by irregular migrants.
The Indonesian research team looked at the role of local governments in
migration management as the country embarked into substantial decentralization
process. The Philippines research team look at the management
of massive deployment flows spanning thirty years with special attention to
the most vulnerable group – the household service workers. For receiving
countries, the Malaysian research team looked at their experience in the
continuing running battle with irregular migrants. The Singaporean research
team look at the close interaction between the needs of the economy for migrant
workers and their desire not to be too dependent on them. The Thai research
team described the experience at the crossroad of being both a receiving and
still a sending country. The studies have highlighted seven important themes on
international labor migration management in ASEAN, namely : (a) the importance
of integrating international migration into national and regional development
efforts; (b) the importance of both bilateral and multilateral agreements; (c)
the importance of recognizing differences in labor market policies in sending
and receiving countries in
designing protection for migrant workers; (d) the need to consider general
administrative capacities in designing migration regulatory efforts; (e) the
importance of involving sub-national bodies in migration management; (f) the
need to broaden cooperation in handling irregular migration; and (g) the
recognition that the protection envisioned by the state need not be the one
“desired†by the migrant, hence, the need to check often to find out the
effectiveness of protection measures.
Keywords: International Labor Migration, ASEAN, Cambodia, Indonesia,
Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand
JEL: F22
11. Smooth(er) Landing? The Dynamic Role of Networks in the Location
and Occupational Choice of Immigrants
Date: 2012
By: Jeanne Lafortune
José Tessada
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ioe:doctra:427&r=mig
This paper studies the dynamic effect of networks on location and occupation
decisions of immigrants to the United States between 1900 and 1930. We compare
the distributions of immigrants both by intended and actual state of residence
to counterfactual distributions constructed by allocating the national-level
flows according to the distribution of previous immigrants and to measures of
demand for occupations at the state level. Our results are consistent with
migrants using ethnic networks as a transitory mechanism while they learn about
their new labor markets and not with other hypotheses that do not account for
the dynamic patterns we document.
JEL: F22
12. Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction of China's New Generation
of Migrant Workers: Evidence from an Inland City
Date: 2013-05
By: Wang, Huashu (Guizhou University)
Pan, Lei (Wageningen University)
Heerink, Nico (Wageningen University)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7405&r=mig
China is experiencing notable changes in rural-urban migration. Young, more
educated migrants with different attitudes towards living and working form an
increasing share of the migrant labour force. At the same time, the
destinations of migrants are changing as a result of government policies and
the global financial crisis. More migrants than before find jobs in medium and
small size cities, often located in western and central China. Understanding
the characteristics and attitudes of the changing migrant labour force is
becoming a major challenge in sustainably managing migration flows and
urbanization. Little hard evidence is available on the working conditions and
job attitudes of migrant workers, particularly for inland China. The purpose of
this paper is to provide insights into the characteristics, working conditions
and job attitudes of the new generation of migrants, defined as those born in
the 1980s and 1990s, as compared to the traditional
generation in a typical medium-size city in western China. Data collected
through a household survey conducted among 1,048 migrants in Guiyang City,
capital of Guizhou Province, are used for this purpose. We find significant
differences in occupational characteristics and working conditions between the
two generations. Contrary to popular beliefs, we find that the level of job
satisfaction is higher among the new generation of migrants. Using an ordered
logit model to examine factors contributing to job satisfaction, we find that
age and gender do not have a significant impact for young migrants, while
working conditions play a major role. Among these, it is not so much the income
level that matters for young migrants, but other working conditions. Using a
Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, we derive that it is mainly the difference in
working conditions and other endowments that explains the higher job
satisfaction of young migrants, not the differences
between generations in the valuations of these endowments.
Keywords: migrant workers, new generation, working conditions, job
satisfaction, China
JEL: J61
13. Immigration, unemployment and GDP in the host country: Bootstrap
panel Granger causality analysis on OECD countries
Date: 2013
By: Ekrame Boubtane
Dramane Coulibaly
Christophe Rault
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2013-14&r=mig
This paper examines the causality relationship between immigration,
unemployment and economic growth of the host country. We employ the panel
Granger causality testing approach of K´onya (2006) that is based on SUR
systems and Wald tests with country specific bootstrap critical values. This
approach allows to test for Granger causality on each individual panel member
separately by taking into account the contemporaneous correlation across
countries. Using annual data over the 1980-2005 period for 22 OECD countries,
we find that, only in Portugal, unemployment negatively causes immigration,
while in any country, immigration does not cause unemployment. On the other
hand, our results show that, in four countries (France, Iceland, Norway and the
United Kingdom), growth positively causes immigration, whereas in any country,
immigration does not cause growth.
Keywords: Immigration, growth, unemployment, causality
JEL: E20
14. The Balance of Brains: Corruption and High Skilled Migration
Date: 2013-05-15
By: Andrea ARIU (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches
Economiques et Sociales (IRES) and FNRS)
Pasquamaria SQUICCIARINI (KULeuven, LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic
Performance and Department of Economics)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2013010&r=mig
In a mobile labor market, a high emigration rate of high skilled workers is not
necessarily a problem, if counterbalanced by a high immigration rate. However,
some countries experience a net gain of high skilled while others a net loss.
Corruption is part of the explanation, acting through two different channels:
first, it pushes skilled natives to virtuous countries, where they can find a
job based on meritocratic criteria; second, it discourages the entry of foreign
talents, which would hardly have access to string-pulling recommendations. This
might induce a prolonged loss in human capital and vanish investments in
education.
Keywords: migration, high-skilled, corruption
15. Climate Variability and Internal Migration: A Test on Indian
Inter-State Migration.
Date: 2013-05
By: Ingrid Dallmann (Université Paris-Sud (ADIS))
Katrin Millock (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne - Paris School of Economics)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:13045&r=mig
We match migration data from the Indian census with climate data to test the
hypothesis of climate variability as a push factor for internal migration. The
main contribution of the analysis is to introduce relevant meteorological
indicators of climate variability, based on the standardized precipitation
index. Gravity-type estimations derived from a utility maximization approach
cannot reject the null hypothesis that the frequency of drought acts as a push
factor on inter-state migration in India. The effect is significant for both
male and female migration rates. Drought duration and magnitude as well as
flood events are never statistically significant.
Keywords: Climate change, India, Internal migration, PPML, SPI.
JEL: O15
16. Split Decisions: Family Finance When a Policy Discontinuity
Allocates Overseas Work
Date: 2013-05
By: Michael Clemens and Erwin Tiongson
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:324&r=mig
Labor markets are increasingly global. Overseas work can enrich households but
also split them geographically, with ambiguous net effects on decisions about
work, investment, and education. These net effects, and their mechanisms, are
poorly understood. We study a policy discontinuity in the Philippines that
resulted in quasi-random assignment of temporary, partial-household migration
to high-wage jobs in Korea. This allows unusually reliable measurement of the
reduced-form effect of these overseas jobs on migrant households. A
purpose-built survey allows nonexperimental tests of different theoretical
mechanisms for the reduced-form effect. We also explore how reliably the
reduced-form effect could be measured with standard observational estimators.
We find large effects on spending, borrowing, and human capital investment, but
no effects on saving or entrepreneurship. Remittances appear to overwhelm
household splitting as a causal mechanism.
JEL: J61
17. Employment Verification Mandates and the Labor Market Outcomes of
Likely Unauthorized and Native Workers
Date: 2013-05
By: Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes (San Diego State University)
Cynthia Bansak (St. Lawrence University)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1312&r=mig
As recent efforts to reform immigration policy at the federal level have
failed, states have started to take immigration matters into their own hands
and researchers have been paying closer attention to state dynamics surrounding
immigration policy. Yet, to this date, there is not a clear understanding of
the consequences of enforcing E-verify on likely unauthorized immigrants and on
native-born workers across the United States. This study aims to fill in that
gap by analyzing the impact that the enactment of various types of E-verify
mandates may have on the employment and wages of these two populations. We find
that the enactment of both universal and public-sector only mandates reduce
employment of likely unauthorized workers. Meanwhile, employment verification
does not affect naturalized Hispanic workers but increases the employment
likelihood of native workers. Impacts on wages are positive for likely
unauthorized women suggesting a large labor
supply reduction. For native-born workers, hourly wages also increase and
provide some evidence of substitutability of unauthorized immigrants and
non-Hispanic natives.
Keywords: E-Verify, Undocumented Workers, Employment, Wages.
JEL: J2
18. Immigrant Assimilation into U.S. Prisons, 1900-1930
Date: 2013-05
By: Carolyn M. Moehling
Anne Morrison Piehl
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:19083&r=mig
The analysis of a new dataset on state prisoners in the 1900 to 1930 censuses
reveals that immigrants rapidly assimilated to native incarceration patterns.
One feature of these data is that the second generation can be identified,
allowing direct analysis of this group and allowing their exclusion from
calculations of comparison rates for the “native” population. Although adult
new arrivals were less likely than natives to be incarcerated, this likelihood
was increasing with their years in the U.S. The foreign born who arrived as
children and second generation immigrants had slightly higher rates of
incarceration than natives of native parentage, but these differences disappear
after controlling for nativity differences in urbanicity and occupational
status. Finally, while the incarceration rates of new arrivals differ
significantly by source country, patterns of assimilation are very similar.
JEL: J15
19. Determinants of Internal Migration among Senegalese Youth
Date: 2013
By: David SAHN
Catalina HERRERA
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdi:wpaper:1433&r=mig
We analyze the socio-economic determinants of youth decision to internally
migrate in Senegal. Young people undertake mostly rural-to-rural and
urban-to-urban migrations and over half of them are temporary migrants. Using
multinomial logit models, we estimate the role of household and community
characteristics during childhood in later youth migration decisions. We find
that these determinants are heterogeneous by gender and destination. The higher
the fathers' education the more (less) likely are their daughters to move to
urban (rural) areas. Young individuals, who spend their childhood in better off
households, are more likely to move to urban areas. Also, the presence of
younger siblings increases the propensity of moving to rural areas. Access to
primary schools during childhood decreases the likelihood of migrating to urban
areas for both men and women.
Keywords: Internal migration, senegal, youth, multinomial logit
20. Immigrant specificity and the relationship between trade and
immigration: Theory and evidence
Date: 2012
By: Bowen, Harry P.
Pédussel Wu, Jennifer
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:imbwps:70&r=mig
Studies routinely document that the nature of immigrant employment is largely
specific: it often concentrates in non-traded goods sectors and many immigrants
often have low inter-sectoral mobility. We consider these observed
characteristics of immigrant employment for the question of how immigration
affects a nation's pattern of production and trade. We model an economy
producing three goods; one is non-traded. Domestic labor and capital are
domestically mobile but internationally immobile. Any new wave of immigration
is assumed to comprise some workers who will become specific to the nontraded
goods sector. The model indicates that the output and trade effects of
immigration depend importantly on the sectoral pattern of employment of
existing and new immigrants. Empirical investigation in a panel dataset of OECD
countries supports the models prediction that immigration raises the output of
non-traded goods. Consistent with the model, we also find that
immigration and trade are complements. The implications of the model and
empirical findings for immigration policy are then discussed. -- Diverse
Studien belegen, dass die Beschäftigung von Immigranten sehr spezifisch ist:
Sie beschränkt sich häufig auf Anstellungen in der Produktion nicht gehandelter
Waren. Der Großteil der Immigranten zeigt dabei nur eine geringe Mobilität
zwischen den Sektoren. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser beobachteten
Besonderheiten bei der Beschäftigung von Immigranten untersuchen wir die
Auswirkungen von Immigration auf die Handels- und Produktionsstrukturen eines
Staates. Unser Modell umfasst eine Volkswirtschaft, die drei Güter produziert;
eines davon wird nicht gehandelt. Heimische Arbeitskräfte sind innerstaatlich
mobil, aber immobil auf internationaler Ebene. Es wird angenommen, dass jede
neue Immigrationswelle Arbeiter mit sich bringt, welche in Wirtschaftszweigen
nicht gehandelter Güter beschäftigt werden. Das
Modell zeigt, dass die durch Immigration verursachten Auswirkungen auf
Produktion und Handel stark von branchenspezifischen Beschäftigungsmustern
vorhandener und neuer Immigranten abhängig sind. Die empirische Untersuchung
des prognostizierten Zusammenhangs von Immigration und Handelsströmen basiert
auf einem Datensatz von OECD Ländern und bekräftigt die Vorhersage, dass Handel
und Immigration Komplemente sind. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung des Modells
und der empirischen Ergebnisse für die Gestaltung von Immigrationspolitik
diskutiert.
21. Occupational Information Acquisition, Occupational Mobility and
Urbanization of New Generation Migrant Workers in China
Date: 2013
By: Yuan, Yao
Guangsheng, Zhang
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea13:149618&r=mig
FUNDING SUPPORT: •National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant. No.
70973082 and No.71273179) •Trans Century Training Programme Foundation for the
Talents of Humanities and Social Science by the State Education
Commission（NECT-12-1014）
Keywords: New generation migrant workers, Information acquisition, Occupational
mobility, Urbanization, Influence mechanism, Community/Rural/Urban Development,
Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Labor and Human Capital,
________________________________
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For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director
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