I thought I'd respond to the societal issue about patents. The reason why I chose this is because the book mentions Unisys and the Gif file format. Since the book had been published, IBM had been granted part of the patent rights as well or something, but even those just recently expired. The good thing that this means, is that as of October 1st of this year, the GIF format is now finally free of patents. I found this out from the url http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/node/1772 From the sounds of things though, Unisys may still try and come up with something to try and stop this. -Robert Benavides "Young men think old men are fools; but old men know young men are fools." -George Chapman __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com