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Humans and horses share expression bond
By : PTI
Updated On : Saturday, August 08, 2015 08:24 PM
Humans and horses share expression bond
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London :-
Horses use some surprisingly similar facial expressions to humans and
chimps to communicate, according to a new study which identified 17
discrete facial movements in horses.
Researchers from the University of Sussex have shown that, like humans,
horses use muscles underlying various facial features - including their
nostrils, lips and eyes - to alter their facial expressions in a variety
of social situations.
The findings suggest evolutionary parallels in different species in how
the face is used for communication.
The study builds on previous research showing that cues from the face
are important for horses to communicate, by developing an objective
coding system to identify different individual facial expressions on the
basis of underlying muscle movement.
The Equine Facial Action Coding System (EquiFACS), as devised by the
Sussex team in collaboration with researchers at the University of
Portsmouth and Duquesne University, identified 17 “action units”
(discrete facial movements) in horses.
This compares with 27 in humans, 13 in chimps and 16 in dogs.
“Horses are predominantly visual animals, with eyesight that’s better
than domestic cats and dogs, yet their use of facial expressions has
been largely overlooked,” said the study’s co-lead author, doctoral
researcher Jennifer Wathan.
“What surprised us was the rich repertoire of complex facial movements
in horses, and how many of them are similar to humans.
“Despite the differences in face structure between horses and humans, we
were able to identify some similar expressions in relation to movements
of the lips and eyes.
“What we’ll now be looking at is how these expressions relate to
emotional states,” Wathan said.
The researchers analysed video footage of a wide range of naturally
occurring horse behaviours to identify all the different movements it is
possible for horses to make with their face.
They also carried out an anatomical investigation of the facial muscles
that underpin these movements. Each individual facial movement that was
identified was given a code.
“It was previously thought that, in terms of other species, the further
away an animal was from humans, the more rudimentary their use of facial
expressions would be,” said co-lead author Professor Karen McComb.
“Through the development of EquiFACS, however, it’s apparent that
horses, with their complex and fluid social systems, also have an
extensive range of facial movements and share many of these with humans
and other animals.
“This contributes to a growing body of evidence suggesting that social
factors have had a significant influence on the evolution of facial
expression,” she said.
The study was published in the journal PLOS ONE.
First Published: Saturday, August 08, 2015 20:23 [IST]
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