[blind-chess] Annotated Game #056: Georg Salwe - Frank James Marshall, Vienna 1908
- From: "Roderick Macdonald" <rjmacdonald@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- To: "Blind-Chess Mailing List" <blind-chess@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Sun, 11 Sep 2011 16:28:59 -1000
Annotated Game #056:
Georg Salwe - Frank James Marshall, Vienna 1908
Adapted and Condensed from
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Contents:
++1. Georg Salwe
++1.A Biography
++2. Frank James Marshall
++2.A Chess career
++2.B Assessment
++2.B1 Marshall's famous 23. ... Qg3!!
++2.B2 Opening theory
++2.B3 Win over Capablanca with Black
++2.C Quotes
++2.D Books
++3. Georg Salwe - Frank James Marshall, Vienna 1908
++1. Georg Salwe
Georg (Gersz, Hersz, George, Henryk Jerzy) Salwe (Salve) (December
12, 1862 - December 15 1920) was a Polish chess player.
++1.A Biography
Salwe was born into a Jewish family in Warsaw, Poland (then Russian
Empire).
In 1897, Salwe took 2nd at Lodz championship. In 1898, he won a
Lodz championship. In 1903, he took 4th at Kiev (All-Russian
Masters' Tournament, 3rd Russian Championship, Mikhail Chigorin
won). Salwe reached a peak of his career in 1906, when he won at
Sankt Petersburg (All-Russian Masters' Tournament, 4th Russian
Championship), ahead of Benjamin Blumenfeld and Akiba Rubinstein.
In 1906, he took 4th at Lodz (Quadrangular). In 1906, he took 3rd
at Lodz (Triangular). In 1906, he tied for 6-7th at Nuremberg (15th
DSB Congress, Frank James Marshall won). In 1906, he played in
famous 2nd tournament at Ostend, where he took 3rd (I stage), 2nd
(II stage), 2nd-3rd (III stage), 4th (IV stage), and tied for 5-6th
(final V stage). The event was won by Carl Schlechter.
In 1907, he took 4th at Lodz (Quadrangular). In 1907, he took 8th
at Ostend. In 1907, he took 9th at Carlsbad (Rubinstein won). In
1907-1908, he tied for 3rd-4th with Eugene Znosko-Borovsky, behind
Rubinstein and Simon Alapin, at Lodz (All-Russian Masters'
Tournament, 5th Russian Championship). In 1908, he took 13th at
Vienna. In 1908, he tied for 7-9th at Prague. In 1908, he took 2nd,
behind Marshall, at Dusseldorf (16th DSB Congress). In 1908, he
took 3rd, behind Rubinstein and Marshall, at Lodz (Triangular). In
1908, he took 2nd, behind Alapin, at Warsaw. In 1909, he tied for
8-10th at Saint Petersburg. The event was won by Emanuel Lasker and
Rubinstein. In 1909, he took 5th at Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius). The
event (All-Russian Masters' Tournament, 6th Russian Championship)
was won by Rubinstein.
In 1910, he tied for 11-14th at Hamburg (17th DSB Congress,
Schlechter won). In 1911, he tied for 17-18th at Carlsbad (Richard
Teichmann won). In 1911, he tied for 2nd-3rd with Alexander
Flamberg, behind Rubinstein, at Warsaw. In 1912, he took 3rd at
Warsaw. In 1912, he tied for 9-11th at Bad Pistyan (Piestany). In
1912, he took 10th at Vilna (All-Russian Masters' Tournament, 7th
Russian Championship, Rubinstein won). In 1912, he took 3rd, behind
Efim Bogoljubow and Flamberg, at Lodz. In 1913, he won at Lodz. In
1914, he won at Lodz. In 1913-1914, he tied for 10-11th at Sankt
Petersburg (All-Russian Masters' Tournament, 8th Russian
Championship, Alexander Alekhine and Aron Nimzowitsch won). During
World War I, he took 2nd in 1915, won in 1916, and took 2nd, behind
Rubinstein, in 1917 at Lodz.
Salwe played several matches in Lodz. In 1903, he drew a match
against Rubinstein (+5 -5 =0). In 1904, he lost to Rubinstein (+3
-5 +2). In 1904, he drew with Chigorin (+1 -1 =0). In 1905, he won
a match against Jacques Mieses (+2 -1 =0). In 1906, he lost a match
(Russian Championship) against Chigorin (+5 -7 =4). In 1908, he
lost to Rubinstein (+1 -3 =4). In 1909, he won a match against
Gersz Rotlewi (+8 -5 =3). In 1910, he lost to Rotlewi (+1 -3 =6).
In 1913, he lost to Oldrich Duras (+0 -2 =2). In 1913, he lost to
Bogoljubow (+3 -5 =2).
++2. Frank James Marshall
Frank James Marshall (August 10, 1877 - November 9, 1944), was the
U.S. Chess Champion from 1909-1936, and was one of the world's
strongest chess players in the early part of the 20th century.
++2.A Chess career
Marshall was born in New York City, and lived in Montreal, Canada
from ages 8 to 19. He began playing chess at the age of 10 and by
1890 was one of the leading players in Montreal.
He won the U.S. chess championship in 1904, but did not accept the
title because the current U.S. champion, Harry Nelson Pillsbury,
did not compete.
In 1906, Pillsbury died and Marshall again refused the championship
title until he won it in competition in 1909.
In 1907 he played a match against World Chess Champion Emanuel
Lasker for the title and lost eight games, winning none and drawing
seven. They played their match in New York, Philadelphia,
Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Chicago, and Memphis from January 26
to April 8, 1907.
In 1909, he agreed to play a match with a young Cuban named Jose
Raul Capablanca, and to most people's surprise, lost eight games,
drew fourteen and won only one.
After this defeat, Marshall did not resent Capablanca; instead, he
realized the young man had immense talent and deserved recognition
by the chess community. The American champion worked hard to assure
Capablanca had the chance to play at the highest levels of
competition.
Marshall insisted that Capablanca be permitted to enter the San
Sebastian tournament in 1911, an exclusive championship promising
to be one of the strongest yet in history. Despite much protest at
his inclusion, Capablanca won the tournament.
Marshall finished fifth at the St. Petersburg tournament in 1914,
behind World Champion Lasker, future World Champions Capablanca and
Alekhine, and former World Championship challenger Tarrasch, but
ahead of the players who did not qualify for the final: Ossip
Bernstein, Rubinstein, Nimzowitsch, Blackburne, Janowski, and
Gunsberg. According to Marshall's 1942 autobiography, which was
reportedly ghostwritten by Fred Reinfeld, Tsar Nicholas II
conferred the title of "Grandmaster on Marshall and the other four
finalists. Chess historian Edward Winter has questioned this,
stating that the earliest known sources that support this story are
an article by Robert Lewis Taylor in the June 15, 1940 issue of The
New Yorker and Marshall's autobiography.
In 1915, Marshall opened the Marshall Chess Club in New York.
In the 1930s, Marshall captained the US team to four gold medals at
four Chess Olympiads. During one round, he returned to the board
and found that his comrades had agreed to three draws. After he
finished his own game, he gave each of them a stern talk
individually on how draws do not win games or matches.
In 1936, after holding the U.S. championship title for 27 years, he
relinquished it to the winner of a championship tournament. The
first such tournament was sponsored by the National Chess
Federation, and held in New York. The Marshall Chess Club donated
the trophy, and the first winner was Samuel Reshevsky.
++2.B Assessment
Marshall was best known for his great tactical skill. One aspect of
this was the "Marshall swindle", where a trick would turn a lost
game around. Andrew Soltis writes that, "In later years his prowess
at rescuing the irretrievable took on magical proportions". Not so
well known now, but appreciated in his day, was his endgame skill.
++2.B1 Marshall's famous 23. ... Qg3!!
In his famous game against Stepan Levitsky at Breslau 1912,
Marshall concluded with a stunning sham sacrifice of his queen,
allowing it to be captured three different ways:
1.d4 e6 2.e4 d5 3.Nc3 c5 4.Nf3 Nc6 5.exd5 exd5 6.Be2 Nf6 7.O-O Be7
8.Bg5 O-O 9.dxc5 Be6 10.Nd4 Bxc5 11.Nxe6 fxe6 12.Bg4 Qd6 13.Bh3
Rae8 14.Qd2 Bb4 15.Bxf6 Rxf6 16.Rad1 Qc5 17.Qe2 Bxc3 18.bxc3 Qxc3
19.Rxd5 Nd4 20.Qh5 Ref8 21.Re5 Rh6 22.Qg5 Rxh3 23.Rc5 Qg3!! 0-1
This move is considered one of the most brilliant moves ever played
(Tim Krabbe ranked it third.) Legend has it that the spectators
showered the board with gold pieces after Marshall's stunning last
move.
++2.B2 Opening theory
Frank Marshall has a number of chess opening variations named after
him. Remarkably for a player who died over 60 years ago, two gambit
variations that are still theoretically important today are named
after him. One is the Marshall Attack in the Ruy Lopez (1. e4 e5 2.
Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3
d5). Marshall's first well-known game with this opening was against
Jose Raul Capablanca in 1918, although Marshall had previously
played it in other games that did not gain widespread attention.
Even though Capablanca won in a game widely regarded as a typical
example of his defensive genius, Marshall's opening idea became
quite popular. Black gets good attacking chances and scores close
to 50 percent with the Marshall, an excellent result for Black. The
Marshall Attack is so well-respected that many top players often
choose to avoid it with "Anti-Marshall" variations such as 8.a4.
An important gambit in the Semi-Slav Defense is also named after
Marshall. That "Marshall Gambit" begins 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 e6
4.e4!? Now the main line runs 4...dex4 5.Nxe4 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 (6.Nc3
saves the pawn but is not considered dangerous) Qxd4 7.Bxb4 Qxe4+
8.Be2 with sharp and unclear play.
Another opening named after Marshall is the Marshall Defense to the
Queen's Gambit (1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6). It is generally considered
inferior to the Queen's Gambit Declined (2. ... e6), Slav Defense
(2. ... c6), and Queen's Gambit Accepted (2. ... dxc4).
++2.B3 Win over Capablanca with Black
Although Marshall lost to Capablanca far more often than he won (+2
-20 =28), he was one of a few players ever to beat him with the
Black pieces. The game was played in Havana in 1913:
1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nf6
3. Nxe5 d6
4. Nf3 Nxe4
5. d4 d5
6. Bd3 Bg4
7. O-O Nc6
8. c3 Be7
9. Nbd2 Nxd2
10. Bxd2 O-O
11. h3 Bh5
12. Re1 Qd7
13. Bb5 Bd6
14. Ne5 Bxe5
15. Qxh5 Bf6
16. Bf4 Rae8
17. Re3 Rxe3
18. fxe3 a6
19. Ba4 b5
20. Bc2 g6
21. Qf3 Bg7
22. Bb3 Ne7
23. e4 dxe4
24. Qxe4 c6
25. Re1 Nd5
26. Bxd5 cxd5
27. Qe7 Qc8
28. Bd6 h6
29. Rf1 f6
30. Re1 Rd8
31. Bc5 Kh7
32. Qf7 Qf5
33. Be7 Qd7
34. Kf1 Rf8
35. Qe6 Qxe6
36. Rxe6 Re8
37. Re2 Kg8
38. b3 Kf7
39. Bc5 Rxe2
40. Kxe2 f5
41. Kd3 Ke6
42. c4 bxc4+
43. bxc4 g5
44. g4 f4
45. Bb4 Bf6
46. Bf8 dxc4+
47. Kxc4 f3
48. d5+ Ke5
49. Kd3 Kf4
50. Bd6+ Be5
51. Bc5 Kg3
52. Ke4 Bf4
53. d6 f2
0-1
Capablanca rarely lost in the endgame.
++2.D Quotes
* The hardest thing in chess is to win a won game.
++2.E Books
* Frank Marshall, My Fifty Years of Chess, 1942, ISBN
1-84382-053-6 (2002 Hardinge Simpole edition).
* Andy Soltis, Frank Marshall, United States Chess Champion:
A Biography With 220 Games, 1994, ISBN 0-89950-887-1.
++3. Georg Salwe - Frank James Marshall, Vienna 1908
Vienna Tournament 1908, Round 2
White: Georg Salwe
Black: Frank James Marshall
Result: 0-1
ECO: C58 - Italian Game, Two Knights Defense, Kieseritzky
Variation, Yankovich Variation
Notes by R.J. Macdonald
1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bc4
(This opening is known as the Italian Game, but quickly evolves
into branches that have their own distinct names. 3. ... Nf6 is the
Two Knights Defense, 3. ... Bc5 usually leads to the Giuco Piano or
the Evans Gambit, and a transposition into the Four Knights Opening
occurs after 3. ... Nf6 4. Nc3.)
3. ... Nf6
(The Two Knights Defense.)
4. Ng5 d5
(The dubious Traxler Variation continues with 4. ... Bc5?!, but white can gain
a very strong position after 5. Nxf7 Bxf2+ 6. Kf1 Qe7 7. Nxh8 Bb6 8. d3 d6 9.
Bg5 Bg4 10. Qxg4 Nxg4 11. Bxe7.)
5. exd5 Na5
(Alternatively, black can play 5. ... Nxd5, the Lolli Variation. After 6. d4
Be6 7. dxe5 Ne3 8. Qxd8+ Rxd8 9. Bxe3 Bxc4 10. Nd2 Bd5 11. Ngf3 Nb4 12. Kd1 Be7
13. a3 white has a slight advantage.)
6. d3
(This is the Kieseritzky Variation. )
6. ... h6
7. Nf3 e4
8. Qe2 Nxc4
9. dxc4 Bc5
(the Maroczy Variation continues with 9. ... Be7. White retains a slight
advantage after 10. Nfd2 0-0 11. 0-0 Bg4 12. Qe3 Bf5 13. Nc3 Bd6 14. h3 Qe7 15.
Nb3 Rfe8 16. Nd4.)
10. Nfd2
(This is The Yankovich Variation.)
10. ... 0-0
(White retains a slight advantage after 10. ... Qe7 11. Nc3 Bf5 12. h3 c6 13.
Nb3 cxd5 14. Nxd5 Nxd5 15. cxd5 Bd6 16. Be3 0-0 17. 0-0-0 a5 18. Nd4. After 10.
... Bf5 11. Nb3 Bd6 12. Nc3 0-0 13. Be3 Re8 14. h3 Qe7 15. 0-0-0 Bd7 16. Bd4 c5
17. dxc6 Bxc6 18. Na5 Rad8 white has a solid advantage.)
11. Nb3
(11. 0-0 Bg4 12. Qe1 Re8 13. Nb3 Bd6 14. h3 Bh5 15. Nc3 c6 16. dxc6 leads to
equality.)
11. ... Bg4
12. Qf1 Bb4+
13. c3 Be7
14. h3 Bh5
15. g4 Bg6
16. Be3 Nd7
17. N1d2 Ne5
18. 0-0-0 b5
(18. ... Nd3+ 19. Kb1 Bg5 20. Nd4 Qf6 21. h4 Qb6 22. N2b3 Bxe3 23. fxe3 a5 24.
c5 Nxc5 25. Nxc5 Qxc5 26. Qb5 Qxb5 27. Nxb5 Rac8 28. Rhf1 h5 29. g5 f6 30. Rg1
Bf5 31. Rd4 Bg4 32. gxf6 Rxf6 33. Kc1 1/2-1/2 in 51 moves, as in the game E.
Bogoljubow - E. Eliskases, Germany 1939.)
19. cxb5
(19. Nd4 bxc4 20. Nc6 Nd3+ 21. Kb1 gives black a slight edge.)
19. ... Nd3+
(Black now has a moderate advantage.)
20. Kb1 Qxd5
21. Ka1 Qxb5
(Better is 21. ... Rfe8 22. f3 exf3 23. Nxf3 Bd6 with a moderate advantage for
black. 23. ... Qxb5?! 24. Nfd4 Qb7 25. Nf5 offers equal chances.)
Key Move Diagram:
r4rk1/
p1p1bpp1/
6bp/
1q6/
4p1P1/
1NPnB2P/
PP1N1P2/
K2R1Q1R
Position after black's 21st move.
22. f4?
(Better is 22. f3!? exf3 23. Nxf3 with a moderate advantage for black.)
22. ... a5
(This move gives black a very strong position.)
23. Rb1 f5
(23. ... a4 24. Nd4 Qd5 25. f5 is very strong for black.)
24. Nd4
Key Move Diagram:
r4rk1/
2p1b1p1/
6bp/
pq3p2/
3NpPP1/
2PnB2P/
PP1N4/
KR3Q1R
Position after white's 24th move.
24. ... Qa4??
(This forfeits the advantage. 24. ... Qd5!? 25. gxf5 Bxf5 gives black a slight
advantage.)
25. b3
(White threatens to win material: b3xa4, but 25. gxf5!? is worth looking at:
25. ... Bxf5 26. Rg1 is slightly better for white.)
25. ... Qd7
(Now black stands slightly better.)
26. gxf5 Bxf5
Key Move Diagram:
r4rk1/
2pqb1p1/
7p/
p4b2/
3NpP2/
1PPnB2P/
P2N4/
KR3Q1R
Position after black's 26th move.
27. Qg2?
(27. Nxf5 Qxf5 28. Qg2 would give black a slightly better position.)
Key Move Diagram:
r4rk1/
2pqb1p1/
7p/
p4b2/
3NpP2/
1PPnB2P/
P2N2Q1/
KR5R
Position after white's 27th move.
27. ... c5??
(Black loses the upper hand. Better would be 27. ... Bf6 28. Nxe4 Bxe4 29. Qxe4
Nb4 with a very strong position for black.)
28. Nxf5
(This move equalizes things. White has a mate threat.)
28. ... Qxf5
(This move attacks the isolani on f4.)
29. Qxe4
(29. Rhg1 Rf7 30. Qxe4 Raf8 both sides now have equal chances.)
29. ... Bf6
(Black pins: Bf6xc3.)
30. Qc4+
(30. Qxf5?? would be a mistake. White will choke after 30. ... Bxc3+ 31. Rb2
Bxb2+ 32. Kb1 Rxf5 is very strong for black.)
30. ... Kh8
31. Ne4
(The pressure on the isolated pawn grows. White threatens to win material:
Ne4xc5.)
31. ... Rae8
32. Nxf6
(Better is 32. Nd6!? keeping White in the game: 32. ... Qe6 33. Rbd1 Qxc4 34.
Nxc4 (34. bxc4?? Bxc3+ 35. Kb1 Rxe3 is very strong for black) 34. ... Bxc3+ 35.
Kb1 Rxe3 36. Nxe3 and both sides have equal chances.)
32. ... Rxf6
(This move gives black a moderate advantage.)
33. Bc1
(33. Bd2 Re2 34. Bc1 is decisive for black.)
33. ... Rfe6
(Better is 33. ... Ne1 34. Qb5 Nc2+ 35. Kb2 Rfe6, giving black a moderate
advantage.)
Key Move Diagram:
4r2k/
6p1/
4r2p/
p1p2q2/
2Q2P2/
1PPn3P/
P7/
KRB4R
Position after black's 33rd move.
34. Ba3??
(34. Rd1 would hold out: 34. ... Rd6 35. Qb5 with a slight advantage for black.)
34. ... Re2
(Black has a decisive advantage.)
35. Rhd1
(35. h4 Kh7 is very strong for black.)
35. ... Ne1
36. Bxc5
(36. Qxe2 is the last straw: 36. ... Rxe2 37. Rxe1 Rxe1 38. Rxe1 Qxh3 39. Re8+
Kh7 40. c4 Qf1+ 41. Kb2 Qf2+ 42. Kb1 Qg1+ 43. Kb2 is decisive for black.)
36. ... Nc2+
37. Kb2 Nb4+
(White resigned in view of 37. ... Nb4+ 38. Qxe2 Rxe2+ 39. Rd2 Rxd2+ 40. Ka3
Rxa2#.)
0-1
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