There's much mention of both Slipher brothers in David Levy's "Clyde Tombaugh - Discover of Planet Pluto". It specifically mentions V.M. Slipher taking spectra of M31 in 1912, on suggestion (or orders) from Lowell that it may support his theory that these objects were solar systems in early stages of formation. He took spectra of many of these objects, exposing for up to 40 hours on some and noted they all had anomalous shifts toward the red. M31 was the first! Jack Jones Public Events Coordinator Saguaro Astronomy Club Phoenix AZ Telescoper@xxxxxxx www.saguaroastro.org Sp@m: Don't try - Don't buy - Don't reply. > >> Vesto M. Slipher... > >> was the first person to make spectrographic observations of galaxies... > > Bill Hoyt published a sketch scientific biography of Slipher in 1980, > but alas didn't live to produce the book-length bio he planned. Next > time you're up here (Bill F), I think we can dig out a copy of Hoyt's -- See message header for info on list archives or unsubscribing, and please send personal replies to the author, not the list.