On 4/22 JL Speranza wrote: Native Americans, for example, possibly lacked the notion of "free" (or "slave" for that matter). I am continually amazed about the sweeping statements made by educated people about what "Native Americans" did or did not do. Even if you restrict the term to those tribes that whose historical territory lay within the the boundaries of the United States, you are talking about thousands of different tribes with widely varying cultures, only a few of which are well enough documented to be able to make meaningful statements about their cultural values. Extend your scope to central and South America and you encompass highly stratified civilizations where slavery, feudalism and nested levels of autonomy were very much the norm. It is worth remembering, also, that until quite recently any western concept of free will applied only to adult males. The degree of freedom and autonomy enjoyed by women differed much less from culture to culture and did not necessarily mirror the degree of freedom enjoyed by adult males of a certain social class. Martha Sherwood Messages to the list will be archived at http://listserv.liv.ac.uk/archives/chora.html