To toss out a few more comments. The non-migratory tropical mockingbird did not take his boat ride to Sabine woods but to Galveston and then migrated way up the coast to a migrant trap for tropical migrants. The Gibraltar record is much more likely a cage bird as there is a very large cage bird trade in Spain and other parts of southern europe that specializes in tropical american birds. Some bird markets cater to those that flocked to Spain for jobs until the economy went a little bad. And Gibraltar has been a transhipment for for such traffic at least until some of the stricter CITES regulations and inspections. It is interesting that so many that argue that no strays come to Texas from south of the border without riding boats when they make no such argument about the arrival of birds on the same coast that do ride on boats extensively and do so for long distances. Specifically seagulls. Seagulls ride boats all the time and often cross oceans on a boat. But when seagulls arrive in Texas from southern south america, Greenland, east asia, europe and the west coast etc. no one suggests that they came by boat. At least they do not do so on texbirds. But almost the first comment concerning the tropical mockingbird was about how it got here in an assisted manner that would not allow counting. A small landbird spent a couple of weeks on a boat and found lots of food there even though it had no source of natural food but a gull has a constant source of food on the same boat that is churned up by the propeller. The gull can follow other gulls to the local dump but who would a mockingbird follow from galveston to sabine. and why since it is a resident. Much of the same discussion concerned the first crimson-collared grosbeaks in the valley as they did not migrate. But we then learned that they do migrate extensively altitudinally and in response to food shortages. northern mockingbirds are "resident" but also migrate and can have great eruptions like blue jays due to unknown stimuli (blue jays due to acorn shortages). Port Barrow Alaska has no ships and no bird markets but gets lots of birds each year that either do not migrate or do not migrate anywhere near there. Non-migratory tropical kingbirds are in Braithwaite LA, Galveston, Rockport and Corpus Christi. Non-migratory kiskadees wander almost everywhere and some stay and try to nest. So many birds wander out of texas but do not wander into texas. Alexander Skutch showed that many of his tropical subjects "migrated" or at least were not where he normally saw them on a regular or irregular basis. Pygmy nuthatches go to Iowa which is at least a similar trek for a mockingbird to go to Texas. Since arriving strays are not radio-tracked, it is not possible to say how or when they arrived. But for a small flycatcher to spend weeks or more on a ship or in a cage without proper food is less likely that they strayed. Especially as flycatchers do stray north of Mexico and many others stray here from even southern south america. -- Joseph C. Kennedy on Buffalo Bayou in West Houston Josephkennedy36@xxxxxxxxx