Hi Peter, Here are some thoughts regarding how you may get a better comfort factor regarding your populated PDS. You do raise an interesting question in that often times, the PDS system contains the vast majority of parts on a board. So how do you know that things are installed completely and correctly. Well, here is my 0.02 cents worth. First AOI will tell you if in fact components are installed in the place that they should be. They won't tell you if the component is the correct one but the will at least tell you that a location is populated. One can generally assume that the pick and place data is a constant, therefore, if one location of a given type is correct one can assume that they are all correct. For each given cap type, one can create an instance with a test pad on either side. this way, the tester can check for an appropriate capacitance value. I have found that this is a good way to get a warm fuzzy at a production level. Running a frequency sweep on production boards is a way overly time prohibitive method and I can't say that you would have enough resolution to know if things are populated as expected..... While one does have to have some trust in the process one does need to keep an honest man honest and assist weeding out possible sources of human error (reel loading, etc) comments?? Best Regards, Michael C. Greim Sonus Networks mgreim@xxxxxxxxxxxx 978-589-8336 Making the world safe for digital signals everywhere And all this science I don't understand It's just my job six days a week The time is gone. The email's over Thought I'd something more to say...... -----Original Message----- From: Peter Baxter [mailto:peter.baxter@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] Sent: Monday, July 16, 2001 6:33 AM To: si-list Subject: [SI-LIST] Production testing of loaded PCB's power supply impedance Hi, I've asked people how do they know that all bypass capacitors were installed on their PCBs, and how do they know that the loaded capacitors are the correct value? Most people have told me that they don't know. Unless a capacitor is installed on a coupon, and the coupon's power system impedance specially measured, no one checks it. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu