I have always done a preliminary xray at about 6 months, and followed through at a year and then OFA at 2 years. This is expensive, particularly if you send 'em to OFA each time, but as I am (or was) a small breeder, I could manage. HOWEVER, if a breeder chooses not to xray his/her stock, then a BUYER has the option not to buy there . Many years ago there was an unxrayed ROM sire that had a zillion champions and progeny, and slowly but surely there was an increase in hip and elbow problems, as he was used a LOT. Now his name is rarely seen in pedigrees. Breeders saw what was happening and went elsewhere. I am one of those who learned the hard way. Doris E ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2005. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================