Hello. I have not been able to alter users to "identified externally" unless the user has sysdba privilege: connect NonDba/password alter user NonDba identified externally ERROR at line 1: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges connect Dba/password alter user NonDba identified externally works successfully Is that the restriction that oracle places on who exactly may execute this command (I'm using oracle 10.2) or is there a way to work around it? thank you Gene Gurevich -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l