I saw this on the web a while back. I think either Tom Kyte or Connor McDonald write it. It was a simple test where multiple sessions are opened with an without bind variables. Starts with 1 session, then increases the concurrency to show response time differences. I have been hunting around but I can't find it. does anyone remember who wrote this? I can write it myself, but when I build a case for a team, I like to provide examples from Oak Table members if possible. It adds credibility to my argument. I believe it was like this,but tested with 1 session, then multiple, and compared response time. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/misc/literals-substitution-variables-and-bind-variables.php -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l