Our speaker has offered the following correction/clarification to my introduction to his topic: I should clarify that the presentation I'm giving is for a LOGICAL N-TIER design in VFP....where the UI can see the Data Layer (i.e., where the form can see the cursor created in the dataobject). Your suggestion earlier seemed to give an impression that I was talking about PHYSICAL N-TIER design, where the processes are all in different physical spaces/memory. ... so I asked: I don't understand the distinction. Don't grids and lb's "see" cursors in the data layer(Unless we use arrays exclusively)? Michael explained: PHYSICAL n-tier is like working with COM objects...where you instantiate the object and it's its own "black box" of sorts, only giving you what you ask of it. LOGICAL n-tier is more transparent. To unsubscribe from the NYACC Database SIG list, send an email to nycfoxsig-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' (no quotes) in the subject field.