giancarlo wrote: >Furthermore, if the *pruning tree hypothesis* (= agrammatics cannot build >and use a syntactic tree) is well founded, then this type of aphasia cannot >be language-specific: in every language the affected tool would be the >construction of the tree itself. > It's unclear that this is what's really going on. I'm not a neurolinguist myself, but it is well-known that Broca's aphasics can make above- chance grammaticality judgments on lots of constructions, even if they cannot produce these same constructions. Grodzinsky's provocative work has identified a subset of constructions that seem to pose a problem for Broca's individuals. Nonetheless, his approach has been criticized on a number of fronts (for lots and lots of scrutiny, see Grodzinsky, Yosef & commentators. 2000. The Neurology of Syntax: Language Use Without Broca’s Area. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23(1): 1–71). Joe Hilferty