[net-gold] MEDICAL: DISEASES: CANCER : MEDICAL: TOXICOLOGY AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES : CHEMISTRY: TOXIC SUBSTANCES: New Substances Added to HHS Report on Carcinogen
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
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- Date: Sun, 21 Aug 2011 12:08:48 -0400 (EDT)
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MEDICAL: DISEASES: CANCER :
MEDICAL: TOXICOLOGY AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES :
CHEMISTRY: TOXIC SUBSTANCES:
New Substances Added to HHS Report on Carcinogen
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Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2011 14:28:40 -0400
From: "NIH OLIB (NIH/OD)" <olib@xxxxxxxxxx>
To: NIHPRESS@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: New Substances Added to HHS Report on Carcinogen
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NIH News
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/
Embargoed for Release: Friday, June 10, 2011, 2 p.m. EDT
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CONTACT:
Robin Mackar, NIEHS
(919) 541-0073
e-mail:
rmackar@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
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NEW SUBSTANCES ADDED TO HHS REPORT ON CARCINOGENS
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The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services today added eight
substances to its Report on Carcinogens, a science-based document that
identifies chemicals and biological agents that may put people at
increased risk for cancer.
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The industrial chemical formaldehyde and a botanical known as aristolochic
acids are listed as known human carcinogens. Six other substances --
captafol, cobalt-tungsten carbide (in powder or hard metal form), certain
inhalable glass wool fibers, o-nitrotoluene, riddelliine, and styrene --
are added as substances that are reasonably anticipated to be human
carcinogens. With these additions, the 12th Report on Carcinogens now
includes 240 listings. It is available at
..
<ttp://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12
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"Reducing exposure to cancer-causing agents is something we all want, and
the Report on Carcinogens provides important information on substances
that pose a cancer risk," said Linda Birnbaum, Ph.D., director of both the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the
National Toxicology Program (NTP). "The NTP is pleased to be able to
compile this report."
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John Bucher, Ph.D., associate director of the NTP added, "This report
underscores the critical connection between our nation's health and what's
in our environment."
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The Report on Carcinogens is a congressionally mandated document that is
prepared for the HHS Secretary by the NTP. The report identifies agents,
substances, mixtures, or exposures in two categories: known to be a human
carcinogen and reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. A listing
in the Report on Carcinogens does not by itself mean that a substance will
cause cancer. Many factors, including the amount and duration of exposure,
and an individual's susceptibility to a substance, affect whether a person
will develop cancer.
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Once a substance is nominated by the public or private sector and selected
for consideration, it undergoes an extensive evaluation with numerous
opportunities for scientific and public input. There were at least six
opportunities for public input on each substance. The NTP used
established criteria to evaluate the scientific evidence on each candidate
substance under review. The NTP drew upon the scientific expertise of
several federal agencies, including the National Institutes of Health,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission,
and Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
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"The strength of this report lies in the rigorous scientific review
process," said Ruth Lunn, Dr.P.H., director of the NTP Office of the
Report on Carcinogens. "We could not have completed this report without
the significant input we received from the public, industry, academia, and
other government agencies."
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A detailed description of each substance listed in the Report on
Carcinogens is included in the new report.
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Two known human carcinogens:
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Aristolochic acids have been shown to cause high rates of bladder or upper
urinary tract cancer among individuals with kidney or renal disease who
consumed botanical products containing aristolochic acids. Aristolochic
acids are a family of acids that occur naturally in some plant species.
Despite a warning issued in 2001 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
that advised consumers to discontinue use of any botanical products
containing aristolochic acids, they can still be purchased on the Internet
and abroad, and may be found as a contaminant in herbal products used to
treat a variety of symptoms and diseases, such as arthritis, gout, and
inflammation.
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Formaldehyde was first listed in the 2nd Report on Carcinogens as a
substance that was reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen, after
laboratory studies showed it caused nasal cancer in rats. There is now
sufficient evidence from studies in humans to show that individuals with
higher measures of exposure to formaldehyde are at increased risk for
certain types of rare cancers, including nasopharyngeal (the nasopharnyx
is the upper part of the throat behind the nose), sinonasal, as well as a
specific cancer of the white blood cells known as myeloid leukemia.
Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling chemical that is
widely used to make resins for household items, such as composite wood
products, paper product coatings, plastics, synthetic fibers, and textile
finishes. Formaldehyde is also commonly used as a preservative in medical
laboratories, mortuaries, and some consumer products, including some hair
straightening products.
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Six substances reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens:
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Captafol was found to induce cancer in experimental animal studies, which
demonstrated that dietary exposure to captafol caused tumors at several
different tissue sites in rats and mice. Captafol is a fungicide that had
been used to control fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, ornamental
plants, and grasses, and as a seed treatment. It has been banned in the
United States since 1999, but past exposures may still have an effect on
health.
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Cobalt-tungsten carbide (in powder and hard metal form) showed limited
evidence of lung cancer in workers involved in cobalt-tungsten carbide
hard metal manufacturing. Cobalt-tungsten carbide is used to make cutting
and grinding tools, dies, and wear-resistant products for a broad spectrum
of industries, including oil and gas drilling, as well as mining. In the
United States, cobalt-tungsten hard metals are commonly referred to as
cemented or sintered carbides.
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Certain inhalable glass wool fibers made the list based on experimental
animal studies. Not all glass wool or man-made fibers were found to be
carcinogenic. The specific glass wool fibers referred to in this report
have been redefined from previous reports on carcinogens to include only
those fibers that can enter the respiratory tract, are highly durable, and
are biopersistent, meaning they remain in the lungs for long periods of
time. Glass wool fibers generally fall into two categories for consumers:
low-cost, general purpose fibers, and premium, special purpose fibers. The
largest use of general purpose glass wool is for home and building
insulation, which appears to be less durable and less biopersistent, and
thus less likely to cause cancer in humans.
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o-Nitrotoluene is listed because experimental animal studies showed tumor
formation at many different tissue sites in rats and mice. o-Nitrotoluene
is used as an intermediate in the preparation of azo dyes and other dyes,
including magenta and various sulfur dyes for cotton, wool, silk, leather,
and paper. It is also used in preparing agricultural chemicals, rubber
chemicals, pesticides, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and explosives.
Workers in the United States are likely exposed to o-nitrotoluene through
the skin or from breathing it during production and use. o-Nitrotoluene
has also been detected in air and water near facilities that produce
munitions, and near military training facilities.
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Riddelliine has been found to cause cancer of the blood vessels in rats
and mice, leukemia and liver cancer in rats, and lung tumors in mice. This
botanical should not be confused with the drug Ritalin, prescribed for the
treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Riddelliine is
found in certain plants of the genus Senecio, a member of the daisy
family, grown in sandy areas in the western United States and other parts
of the world. Some common names for Senecio plants are ragwort and
groundsel. Riddelliine-containing plants are not used for food in the
United States, and have no known commercial uses. However, at least 13
Senecio species have been identified that are used in herbal medicines or
possibly as food in other parts of the world. Exposure in humans could
result from eating or drinking herbal medicine or teas, honey, or foods
contaminated by parts of Senecio plants or after consuming products from
animals that have fed on the plants.
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Styrene is on the list based on human cancer studies, laboratory animal
studies, and mechanistic scientific information. The limited evidence of
cancer from studies in humans shows lymphohematopoietic cancer and genetic
damage in the white blood cells, or lymphocytes, of workers exposed to
styrene. Styrene is a synthetic chemical used worldwide in the manufacture
of products such as rubber, plastic, insulation, fiberglass, pipes,
automobile parts, food containers, and carpet backing. People may be
exposed to styrene by breathing indoor air that has styrene vapors from
building materials, tobacco smoke, and other products. The greatest
exposure to styrene in the general population is through cigarette
smoking. Workers in certain occupations may potentially be exposed to much
higher levels of styrene than the general population.
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The Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition, is prepared by the National
Toxicology Program, an interagency program headquartered at the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, part of the National
Institutes of Health.
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The NTP was established in 1978. The program was created as a cooperative
effort to coordinate toxicology testing programs within the federal
government, strengthen the science base in toxicology, develop and
validate improved testing methods, and provide information about
potentially toxic chemicals to health, regulatory, and research agencies,
scientific and medical communities, and the public. The NTP is
headquartered at the NIEHS. For more information about the NTP, visit
.
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov
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NIEHS supports research to understand the effects of the environment on
human health and is part of NIH. For more information on environmental
health topics, visit <http://www.niehs.nih.gov>. Subscribe to one or more
of the NIEHS news lists
.
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/releases/newslist/index.cfm
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to stay current on NIEHS news, press releases, grant opportunities,
training, events, and publications.
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About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical
research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary
federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and
translational medical research, and is investigating the causes,
treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more
information about NIH and its programs, visit
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http://www.nih.gov
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This NIH News Release is available online at:
http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jun2011/niehs-10.htm
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com
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