[net-gold] INDOOR GARDENING : NATURE : ECOLOGY : ECOSYSTEMS : OCEANOGRAPHY: Are Coral Reefs Literally Sick Of Ecotourists?
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
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- Date: Fri, 16 Sep 2011 19:36:12 -0400 (EDT)
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INDOOR GARDENING :
NATURE :
ECOLOGY :
ECOSYSTEMS :
OCEANOGRAPHY:
Are Coral Reefs Literally Sick Of Ecotourists?
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Are Coral Reefs Literally Sick Of Ecotourists?
By Caitlin Kight
September 6th 2011 06:06 AM
Science 2.0
http://www.science20.com/anthrophysis/
are_coral_reefs_literally_sick_ecotourists-82312
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/3t7x2xz
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Time and again we hear arguments in favor of ecotourism, only to then
discover cases where human visitation to wilderness sites has negative
impacts, both on individual species and entire ecosystems. One of the most
recent examples of this comes from research on Australia's Great Barrier
Reef, where high levels of disease prevalence have been found among corals
near tourist visitation platforms.
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Coral diseases have been recognized as one of the major factors in coral
reef degradation worldwide; although it is not yet clear how and why these
infections develop, they are likely influenced by human activities that
alter the marine environment, reduce immune function in the corals, and/or
increase pathogen virulence. For instance, platforms that are built for
human visitation often attract sea birds, whose droppings are rich in
nitrogen, phosphorus, and, occasionally, toxins such as DDT and mercury.
These are washed into the water by cleaning efforts and rain, leading to
increases in aspergillosis, yellow band disease, and black band disease in
corals. Other sources of disease may be runoff of sunscreen, the UV-filter
properties of which can lead to coral bleaching; reduced immune function
during regeneration to replace body parts that are lost when tourists
stand on or bump into the corals; human dislodging of cyanobacterial
"black mats" that float away and infect corals downstream; and skeletal
eroding band caused by infectious ciliates that enter the corals through
tourist-caused abrasions and breaks.
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The presence of these and other diseases were surveyed by researchers from
the James Cook University, who focused on the Central and Cairns sections
of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. They compared infection rates among
corals near visitation platforms and compared these with rates observed in
nearby, "non-platformed" areas. Visitors were still present at the latter
category of site, but in significantly smaller numbers; additionally, they
could only access the reef from non-permanent watercraft. In addition to
measuring the number of sick corals, the researchers diagnosed the cause
of the illness (black band disease and other cyanobacterial mats, brown
band disease, white syndromes, growth anomalies, or skeletal eroding
bands) and classified coral to the family and genus level in order to
search for broad taxonomic patterns.
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Overall, mean disease prevalence was 15-fold greater at sites with tourism
platforms.
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snip
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Journal Article cited in this article:
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Lamb, J.B. and Willis, B.L.
2011
Using coral disease prevalence to assess the effects of concentrating
tourism activities on offshore reefs in a tropical marine park
Biological Conservation
online advance publication
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com
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