John Wager writes: but I would like to suggest that "to keep silence" may not just be the negative of "to speak." ---- Okay. It's not yet clear to me how you can formalize 'keep silence' such that it is _not_ the negative of 'speak'. I have been thinking that to save Witters's dictum No. 7 from being a tautology, one should revert the order of the modals: (1) Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darueber muss man schweigen becoming (2) Wovon man nicht sprechen MUSS, darueber KANN man schweigen. -- It's perhaps less emphatic, but at least _informative_... Cheers, JL ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html