why on earth is shakespeare so interested in nonnies hey nonnie nonnie ho nonnie nonnie come nonnie nonnie sit nonnie nonnie wag your aspirant tail nonnie nonnie what was a nonnie anyway --- Well, the OED provides some earlier quotes than Shakespeare. There's 1533 J. HEYWOOD JPlay of Wether sig. Diii, Gyue boys wether quoth a nonny nonny. 1535 COVERDALE Goostly Psalmes Introd. Epist. sig. iiv, They shulde be better occupied, then with hey nony nony, hey troly loly, One quote is Scottish: c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 51 The lang nounenou. The OED suggest that the hidden meaning of the nonny is "the vulva" -- and they quote from 1611 J. FLORIO Queen Anna's New World of Words, Fossa... Vsed also for a womans pleasure-pit, nony-nony or pallace of pleasure. [-- a meaning which can be traced back earlier than Shakespeare to: 1593 M. DRAYTON Idea iii. sig. C3, These noninos of filthie ribauldry.] So I would be more careful with your spontaneous refrains alla Elizabethan, 'come nonny nonny' and such. In a way, reminds me of Formby and his 'fanny' -- which was OKAY in the England, but tabooed in USA. -- I would think that the 'nonny' is related to the 'nun', or the 'nunny' -- given that these places were not co-ed (but purely female) and Hamlet is constantly advising Ophelia to go to a nunnery (and leave him alone). Where the 'filthy ribaldry' of nunneries come from Geary may provide us with a first-hand. There's also this PhD dissertation which I found in the UMI database Gupta, I. R. The Bearded Nonny: Shakespeare's mysoginy from a homosocial Sedgwickian perspective. University of Warwick. -- which traces the nonny -- the abstract reads -- the the Medousa myth of the Greeks -- later developed by Jung and Freud, as the unknown -- for a male -- and often unknownABLE territory of female sexuality. Gupta does textual criticism on couple of Shakespearian texts. The first is <NOB SHAKESPEARE A.Y.L. v. iii, (1) With a hey, and a ho, and a hey nonino. In this first interjection, Gupta propoes to replace 'hey' for 'phallus', and 'ho' for prostitute'; 'nony-no' becomes the negation of the vulva. This the becomes: (1') With priapic energy, and a woman of license, and another priapic energy, but no vulva. -- the meaning of which is unclear. The second interjection Gupta uses is from 1619 Two Wise Men VII. i. 87 (2) Hey niny, nony no. Hey niny no. Hey noniny nonino, Hey ninyno. Here, she notes, the 'nony' is unnegated, and appears as female sexuality in its pure form. In her rewrite, this becomes: (2') Priapic energy, vulva, a little one -- a big one, no. Priapic energy little vulva (sometimes no). Priapic energy, no-vulva, no-vulva. Priapic energy little-vulva no. Gupta concludes that Shakespeare's fears towards the 'nonny' and his frequents rejections of it "nonny? no!" can be traced back to his unfulfilled sexual relationships with Anna Hattaway. Cheers, J. L. Buenos Aires, Argentina ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com