Ursula is puzzled: >Why are teacher's colleges called Normal Schools? Exactly. My mother attended one of them. And she likes to say she only was trained to knit and sow. The 'normal school' she attended was founded by an American (so I disagree with Wager and think this _is_ an American problem), a female TEACHER literally imported by the Argentine president back then. The OED is clearer that this was an _American_ *and German* thing. Never Liberal Empiricist British! I guess the idea is that teachers are into 'norms' of behaviour (e.g. etiquette). But if norms are something deeper, then surely we cannot be trained into them, only educated. Now I'm all confused. Cheers, J. L. Speranza's Boy (My mother is called Speranza and why she has been 'trained' (into cooking and knitting, I still love her, because she trained me to be Dorian). ---- 3. Of, relating to, or intended for the training of teachers, esp. in Continental Europe and N. America. Chiefly in normal school. Now hist. In N. America, normal schools were for training primary school teachers. In Continental Europe, different normal schools also trained teachers at secondary and tertiary levels. 1826 C. ANDERSON Let. 29 Aug. in H. Anderson Life & Lett. C. Anderson (1854) viii. 276 Colonel Abrahamson..has been with us all this afternoon, and has shewn us the Normal School, the institution for the deaf and dumb, and the lithographic press. 1834 Edinb. Rev. July 491 The system of Primary Schools, which the French..have..denominated Normal. 1857 Illinois House Jrnl. 17 Feb. 970 Senate bill for ‘An act for the establishment and maintenance of a normal university’ was taken up... There shall be established in said university..a normal college for the education of teachers of common schools. 1888 Nat. Educ. Assoc. U.S. Addr. & Proc. 1887 502 A course of normal instruction. 1939 _H. G. WELLS_ (http://0-dictionary.oed.com.csulib.ctstateu.edu/help/bib/oed2-w2.html#h-g-wells) Holy Terror IV. i. 359 An increasing number of women are taking up professions now; at architecture, catering, various industries, normal teaching..they are practically as good as men or better. 1960 S. J. CURTIS & M. E. A. BOULTWOOD Introd. Hist. Eng. Educ. xii. 278 The Normal School of Design became the Royal College of Art in 1896. 1993 Beaver Oct.-Nov. 43/1 She graduated from the high school at Winkler, Manitoba in 1921 and attended Normal School at Manitou, Manitoba, until 1922. J. L. Speranza, Esq. Town: Calle Arenales 2021, Piso 5, St. 8, La Recoleta C1124AAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tel. 54 11 4824 4253 Fax 54 221 425 9205 Country: St. Michael Hall, Calle 58, No. 611, La Plata B1900 BPY Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tel. 54 221 425 7817 Fax 54 221 425 9205 http://www.stmichaels.com.ar jls@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx jlsperanza@xxxxxxx http://www.netverk/~jls.htm ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com