W. Okshevski commenting on Donal McEvoy: "acts of immorality have their source primarily not in viciousness of character but rather in an ignorance of what universal canons of rationality require. As Kant, Habermas and Tom Scanlon (amongst others) have it, immorality is rooted in not understanding the nature and significance of a justifiable reason for belief, judgment or action. Vice has its origins not in limitations of character, lack of control over one's natural impulses (Aristotle's "weakness of will"), but rather in the inability to reason properly from premises to conclusions." Well, apply this to a Nazi war criminal like Eichmann. Arendt wants to say that "Boese" (evil) is _banal_ and springs from ignorance. Would you label that a Kantian position? R. M. Hare seems to enjoy discussing Gedanke-experimente involving the Nazis. Hare is trying to say that the Nazi mandate cannot allow for 'universalizability'. There was the case study of the Nazi general who discovers he has Jewish blood in his veins, and thus sends himself to a concentration camp. On the other hand, J. L. Borges has a poem, "I Jew" -- which I transcribe: ---- I, a Jew Borges Acevedo is my name. Ramos Mejia lists the family names in Buenos Aires at that time in order to demonstrate that all, or almost all, 'came from Judeo-Portuguese stock'. 'Acevedo' is included in the list. Two hundred years and I can't find the Israelite; two hundred years and my ancestor still elludes me. "I am grateful for the stimulus, but hope is dimming that I will ever be able to discover my link to the Table of the Breads and the Sea of Bronze; to Heine, Gleizer, and the ten Sefiroth; to Ecclesiastes, and Chaplin." "Statistically, the Hebrews were few. What would we think of someone in the year 4000 who uncovers people from San Juan Province everywhere? Our inquisitors seek out Hebrews, but never Phoenicians, Garamantes, Scythians, Babylonians, Persians, Egyptians, Huns, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Ethiopians, Illirians, Paphlagonians, Sarmatians, Medes, Ottomans, Berbers, Britons, Libyans, Cyclopes, or Lapiths." "The nights of Alexandria, or Babylon, or Carthage, of Memphis, never succeeded in engendering a single grandfather; it was only to the tribes of the bituminous Dead Sea that this gift was granted" (1934) --. Cheers, JL _JSTOR: Fanaticism and Hare's Moral Theory_ (http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-1704(197701)87:2<165:FAHMT>2.0.CO;2-2) The case of the Nazi fanatic puts extreme pressure on Hare's system, and under the pressure Hare has come to modify his theory so as to turn it into a ... links.jstor.org/links.jstor.org/<WBR>sici?sici=0014-1704(197701)87%3A2%3C165%3 AFAHMT%3E2._Similar pages_ (http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=related:links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-1704(197701)87%3A2%3C165%3AFAHMT%3E2.0.CO% 3B2-2) _JSTOR: The Implications of Prescriptivism_ (http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0031-8094(196910)19:77<348:TIOP>2.0.CO;2-K) For one cannot be a Nazi fanatic, on Hare's account, unless his desire that his ideal be realized is stronger than all those other desires, taken together, ... links.jstor.org/links.jstor.org/<WBR>sici?sici=0031-8094(196910)19%3A77%3C348% 3ATIOP%3E2._Similar pages_ (http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=related:links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0031-8094(196910)19%3A77%3C348%3ATIOP%3E2.0.CO%3 B2-K) [ _More results from links.jstor.org_ (http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=+site:links.jstor.org+fanatic+Nazi+Hare) ] ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com